White Paper February 23, 2018

Methodology Review: Validation of the Active Shooter Incident Management Checklist

Executive Summary

"Effective job aids are critical cognitive tools designed to mitigate cognitive tunneling. This report details the multi-layered validation methodology applied to the Active Shooter Incident Management Checklist, ensuring its efficacy and usability for incident commanders and first responders."

Key Takeaways

  • Compliance with Stufflebeam's development guidelines (91.67% compliance score).
  • Adherence to Bichelmeyer's formatting best practices for cognitive ergonomics.
  • Conformity with NASA flight-deck typography standards for high-stress legibility.
  • Validated by over 200 first responders in full-scale functional exercises.

1.0 Introduction

In high-stress, dynamic environments such as active shooter incidents, the operational demands on first responders can induce acute stress, leading to performance degradation. Effective job aids are critical cognitive tools designed to mitigate cognitive tunneling and ensure essential tasks are completed systematically.

2.0 Validation Framework

The strategic decision to employ a multi-faceted validation framework is central to establishing the credibility of a life-safety tool. This approach triangulates evidence from development theory, human factors design principles, and end-user performance.

2.1 Foundational Integrity

The foundational layer of validation was an audit against Daniel L. Stufflebeam's Guidelines for Developing Evaluation Checklists. This review confirms that the checklist was constructed through a systematic process involving literature review and expert consultation.

2.3 Legibility Under Stress

Standards from NASA's research, "On the Typography of Flight-Deck Documentation," were applied. This audit examined elements such as font choice (Gill Sans), character spacing, and contrast to ensure the checklist remains legible and unambiguous under adverse operational conditions.

5.0 Conclusion

Based on this body of evidence, the Active Shooter Incident Management Checklist is found to be a valid job aid with appropriate content, format, terminology, and usability for Active Shooter Event Response.

Frequently Asked Questions

Why is a multi-faceted validation framework necessary?
Relying on a single validation method is insufficient for high-consequence events. Triangulating evidence from development theory, human factors design, and end-user performance builds a robust case for safety and reliability.
What specific standards were used for the typography audit?
The checklist was audited against 'NASA's Typography of Flight-Deck Documentation', ensuring font choice, spacing, and contrast remain legible under the acute stress of active shooter incidents.
Did the checklist undergo field testing?
Yes. It underwent two major field validation events (2014 and 2017) involving law enforcement, fire, and EMS agencies in scenarios of increasing complexity.

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