{"license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"map":{"slug":"k12-btam-mtss","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","source":{"file":"mtss.pdf","pages":54,"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"generated_at":"2026-10-31T16:36:20Z","counts":{"claims":370,"concepts":31,"links":946,"pages":54,"sections":8},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss"},"sections":[{"id":"s01","slug":"aligning-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management-with-a-multi-tiered-system-of-support","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support","order":1,"pages":[1,2],"summary":"Report pages 1–2: 7 claims on pp. 1–2 (fact 1, statement 5, evidence 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Claim p004-03, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p004-03\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p004-03</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/introduction#p004-03","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p004-04","page":4,"section":"introduction","type":"fact","title":"85% of US public schools report a threat assessment team, regardless of state requirements","quote":"Current data indicate that 85% of public schools in the United States report having a behavioral threat assessment team in place (U.S. Department of Education, n.d.) whether or not their state requires it.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["state-btam-policies-and-adoption"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Introduction para 1","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":4,"rects":[[0.17308,0.78017,0.67521,0.01655],[0.11765,0.80037,0.75862,0.01655],[0.11765,0.82057,0.54546,0.01655]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p004-04","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/introduction#p004-04","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. 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Claim p006-04, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p006-04\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p006-04</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/introduction#p006-04","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p006-05","page":6,"section":"introduction","type":"conclusion","title":"MTSS like PBIS can give BTAM teams a framework to extend prevention options","quote":"Multi-tiered systems of support (MTSS) like Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports (PBIS) can provide a framework for a BTAM team to extend options for prevention and intervention by working in conjunction with a broader system designed to provide access to proactive and early intervention for students needing support.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["integration-of-btam-with-mtss-pbis"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Introduction para","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":6,"rects":[[0.11765,0.27978,0.71975,0.01532],[0.11765,0.29873,0.6889,0.01532],[0.11765,0.31767,0.71688,0.01532],[0.11765,0.33661,0.74708,0.01532],[0.11765,0.35556,0.07004,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p006-05","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/introduction#p006-05","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. 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Claim p006-06, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p006-06\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p006-06</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/introduction#p006-06","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p006-07","page":6,"section":"introduction","type":"conclusion","title":"BTAM can support MTSS/PBIS via enhanced intensive intervention procedures","quote":"Likewise, implementation of BTAM can support MTSS/PBIS implementation through enhanced processes and procedures for intensive interventions.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["integration-of-btam-with-mtss-pbis","tier-3-individualized-intensive-intervention"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Introduction para","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":6,"rects":[[0.49518,0.41239,0.34413,0.01532],[0.11765,0.43134,0.72878,0.01532],[0.11765,0.45028,0.23098,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p006-07","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/introduction#p006-07","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. 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(2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 6). Claim p006-08, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p006-08","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 6). Claim p006-08, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p006-08\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p006-08</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/introduction#p006-08","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p007-01","page":7,"section":"introduction","type":"conclusion","title":"Aligning BTAM and MTSS/PBIS mutually benefits climate, well-being and safety","quote":"Aligning BTAM and MTSS/PBIS implementation is mutually beneficial for the enhancement of school climate, student well-being, and safety.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["integration-of-btam-with-mtss-pbis","positive-school-climate"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Purpose para 1","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":7,"rects":[[0.11765,0.28853,0.68045,0.01532],[0.11765,0.30747,0.55711,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p007-01","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/introduction#p007-01","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 7). Claim p007-01, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p007-01","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 7). Claim p007-01, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p007-01\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p007-01</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/introduction#p007-01","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p007-02","page":7,"section":"introduction","type":"statement","title":"NTAC and Center on PBIS jointly developed document for leaders and both team types","quote":"In order to support teams in achieving these valued outcomes, the U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center (NTAC) and the Center on PBIS have partnered to develop this joint document intended for school and district leaders as well as members of both BTAM and MTSS/PBIS teams.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["integration-of-btam-with-mtss-pbis"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Purpose para 1","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":7,"rects":[[0.68303,0.30747,0.16949,0.01532],[0.11765,0.32642,0.73119,0.01532],[0.11765,0.34536,0.7353,0.01532],[0.11765,0.36431,0.74077,0.01532],[0.11765,0.38325,0.25683,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p007-02","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/introduction#p007-02","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 7). Claim p007-02, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p007-02","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 7). Claim p007-02, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p007-02\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p007-02</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/introduction#p007-02","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p007-03","page":7,"section":"introduction","type":"statement","title":"Document first covers BTAM critical features and best practices, then PBIS elements","quote":"This document begins with a description of the critical features of BTAM and best practices for BTAM implementation, then describes the essential elements of PBIS.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management-btam","positive-behavioral-interventions-and-supports-pbis"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Purpose para 1","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":7,"rects":[[0.38427,0.38325,0.48565,0.01532],[0.11765,0.4022,0.73214,0.01532],[0.11765,0.42114,0.23433,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p007-03","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/introduction#p007-03","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 7). Claim p007-03, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p007-03","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 7). Claim p007-03, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p007-03\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p007-03</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/introduction#p007-03","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p007-04","page":7,"section":"introduction","type":"statement","title":"Document then covers aligning BTAM with MTSS/PBIS and supporting students with disabilities","quote":"Recognizing that each school’s journey will be unique, it then provides considerations for aligning and integrating BTAM and the MTSS/PBIS framework and supporting students with disabilities throughout the BTAM process.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["integration-of-btam-with-mtss-pbis","students-with-disabilities-in-btam"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Purpose para 1","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":7,"rects":[[0.36177,0.42114,0.4987,0.01532],[0.11765,0.44008,0.74291,0.01532],[0.11765,0.45903,0.7353,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p007-04","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/introduction#p007-04","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 7). Claim p007-04, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p007-04","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 7). Claim p007-04, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p007-04\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p007-04</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/introduction#p007-04","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p008-01","page":8,"section":"what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management","type":"definition","title":"BTAM is an evidence-based approach to preventing targeted violence in schools","quote":"Behavioral threat assessment and management or “BTAM” (also known as behavioral threat assessment) is an evidence-based approach for preventing acts of targeted violence in schools.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management-btam"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Para 1","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":8,"rects":[[0.11765,0.5883,0.72825,0.01655],[0.11765,0.60849,0.7537,0.01655],[0.11765,0.62869,0.34988,0.01655]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p008-01","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p008-01","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 8). Claim p008-01, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p008-01","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 8). Claim p008-01, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p008-01\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p008-01</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p008-01","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p008-02","page":8,"section":"what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management","type":"evidence","title":"NTAC research over 20+ years finds no useful profile of those who carry out or plan attacks","quote":"For over twenty years, NTAC’s research on both school attacks (2019) and averted attacks (2021) has shown that there is no accurate or useful profile of the type of individual who will carry out or plan an attack.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["national-threat-assessment-center-research-and-mandate"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Para 1","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"clauses(1/2)","page":8,"rects":[[0.47868,0.62869,0.21502,0.01655]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p008-02","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p008-02","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 8). Claim p008-02, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p008-02","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 8). Claim p008-02, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p008-02\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p008-02</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p008-02","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p008-03","page":8,"section":"what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management","type":"evidence","title":"Research shows students display varied observable concerning behaviors escalating toward violence","quote":"Rather, research shows that students display a variety of observable, concerning behaviors as they escalate toward violence.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["concerning-and-prohibited-behaviors","national-threat-assessment-center-research-and-mandate"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Para 1","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":8,"rects":[[0.33417,0.6893,0.52919,0.01655],[0.11764,0.70949,0.68478,0.01655]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p008-03","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p008-03","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 8). Claim p008-03, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p008-03","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 8). Claim p008-03, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p008-03\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p008-03</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p008-03","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p008-04","page":8,"section":"what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management","type":"definition","title":"K-12 BTAM is a proactive approach that identifies students raising significant safety concern","quote":"In K-12 schools, behavioral threat assessment and management is a proactive, preventative, and supportive approach to: • Identify students who display behavior that elicits significant concern for the safety of themselves or others;","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management-btam"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: BTAM bullet 1","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":8,"rects":[[0.11765,0.74687,0.68954,0.01532],[0.11765,0.76581,0.37337,0.01532],[0.12744,0.8028,0.70254,0.01825],[0.14705,0.82327,0.26977,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p008-04","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p008-04","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 8). Claim p008-04, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p008-04","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 8). Claim p008-04, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p008-04\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p008-04</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p008-04","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p008-05","page":8,"section":"what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management","type":"definition","title":"K-12 BTAM assesses context and circumstances like bullying and stressors to gauge risks and needs","quote":"Assess the context of the concerning behaviors, along with information on the student’s actions and circumstances (e.g., bullying experiences, stressors, mental health needs, negative homelife factors, substance misuse and abuse) to evaluate the student’s risks and needs;","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["assessment-and-information-gathering","behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management-btam"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: BTAM bullet 2","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":8,"rects":[[0.14705,0.86241,0.69693,0.01532],[0.14705,0.88135,0.71825,0.01532],[0.14705,0.9003,0.72495,0.01532],[0.14705,0.91924,0.25841,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p008-05","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p008-05","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 8). Claim p008-05, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p008-05","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 8). Claim p008-05, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p008-05\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p008-05</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p008-05","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p009-01","page":9,"section":"what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management","type":"definition","title":"BTAM manages risk via student-focused supports and interventions to reduce harm, per NTAC","quote":"Manage any risk by providing appropriate, student-focused supports, resources, and interventions to reduce the risk of harm and promote student health and wellness (National Threat Assessment Center, 2022).","tag":"I","reason":"The sentence crosses a page break: this quote is the page 9 part and the sentence begins on page 8 (claim p008-05). 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(2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 9). Claim p009-01, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p009-01","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 9). Claim p009-01, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p009-01\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p009-01</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p009-01","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p009-02","page":9,"section":"what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management","type":"statement","title":"BTAM centers on early identification of at-risk students and early intervention and support","quote":"This nuanced approach to prevention focuses on early identification of students who pose a risk of harm to themselves or others and early intervention and support to reduce the risk and increase the likelihood of positive outcomes.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management-btam"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Body para 2","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":9,"rects":[[0.11766,0.16674,0.75479,0.01532],[0.11766,0.18568,0.72482,0.01532],[0.11766,0.20463,0.56741,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p009-02","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p009-02","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 9). Claim p009-02, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p009-02","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 9). Claim p009-02, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p009-02\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p009-02</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p009-02","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p009-03","page":9,"section":"what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management","type":"statement","title":"BTAM is behavior-based, focusing on behaviors that may signal need for greater care","quote":"It also emphasizes a behavior-based approach to prevention, focusing on the behaviors a student displays that may communicate a need for greater care and concern.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management-btam"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Body para 2","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":9,"rects":[[0.69486,0.20463,0.17891,0.01532],[0.11766,0.22357,0.76038,0.01532],[0.11766,0.24252,0.5313,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p009-03","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p009-03","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 9). Claim p009-03, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p009-03","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 9). Claim p009-03, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p009-03\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p009-03</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p009-03","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p009-04","page":9,"section":"what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management","type":"definition","title":"BTAM is a systematic, proactive approach to preventing targeted school violence","quote":"Behavioral threat assessment and management is a systematic and proactive approach to preventing targeted violence in schools.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management-btam"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Characteristics intro","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":9,"rects":[[0.11765,0.33782,0.68557,0.01532],[0.11765,0.35676,0.46485,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p009-04","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p009-04","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 9). Claim p009-04, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p009-04","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 9). Claim p009-04, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p009-04\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p009-04</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p009-04","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p009-05","page":9,"section":"what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management","type":"statement","title":"BTAM has several defining characteristics and implementation factors","quote":"It has several defining characteristics and implementation factors.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management-btam"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Characteristics intro","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":9,"rects":[[0.5923,0.35676,0.19358,0.01532],[0.11765,0.37571,0.38054,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p009-05","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p009-05","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 9). Claim p009-05, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p009-05","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 9). Claim p009-05, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p009-05\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p009-05</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p009-05","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p009-06","page":9,"section":"what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management","type":"statement","title":"A BTAM characteristic: focusing on behaviors rather than traits or profiles","quote":"Focuses on behaviors, not traits or profiles","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management-btam"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"table: BTAM characteristics table","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":9,"rects":[[0.07883,0.53342,0.21467,0.01379],[0.07883,0.54889,0.13113,0.01379]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p009-06","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p009-06","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 9). Claim p009-06, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p009-06","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 9). Claim p009-06, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p009-06\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p009-06</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p009-06","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p009-07","page":9,"section":"what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management","type":"evidence","title":"No useful profile of students who commit targeted violence, but they often show warning signs","quote":"Research has shown there is no accurate or useful profile of a student who will engage in targeted violence, but they often display concerning behaviors before perpetrating an attack (NTAC, 2019, 2021).","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["concerning-and-prohibited-behaviors","national-threat-assessment-center-research-and-mandate"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"table: BTAM characteristics table","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":9,"rects":[[0.35179,0.50222,0.49665,0.01393],[0.35179,0.51769,0.55122,0.01393],[0.35179,0.53315,0.52761,0.01393],[0.35179,0.54862,0.03694,0.01393]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p009-07","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p009-07","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 9). Claim p009-07, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p009-07","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 9). Claim p009-07, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p009-07\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p009-07</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p009-07","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p009-08","page":9,"section":"what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management","type":"conclusion","title":"Focusing on a behavior continuum lets teams intervene with distressed students before escalation","quote":"Focusing on a continuum of concerning behaviors allows teams to identify students in distress and intervene before their behavior escalates to the point of harm to themselves or others.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management-btam","concerning-and-prohibited-behaviors"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"table: BTAM characteristics table","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":9,"rects":[[0.40473,0.54862,0.51457,0.01393],[0.35179,0.56409,0.53534,0.01393],[0.35179,0.57955,0.43913,0.01393]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p009-08","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p009-08","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 9). Claim p009-08, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p009-08","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 9). Claim p009-08, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p009-08\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p009-08</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p009-08","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p009-09","page":9,"section":"what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management","type":"statement","title":"A BTAM characteristic: involvement of multidisciplinary school staff","quote":"Involves multidisciplinary school staff","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management-btam","multidisciplinary-team-composition-and-teaming"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"table: BTAM characteristics table","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":9,"rects":[[0.07883,0.73773,0.20368,0.01352],[0.07883,0.7532,0.09338,0.01352]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p009-09","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p009-09","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 9). Claim p009-09, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p009-09","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 9). Claim p009-09, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p009-09\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p009-09</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p009-09","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p009-10","page":9,"section":"what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management","type":"conclusion","title":"A multidisciplinary team responding to concerning-behavior reports is considered best practice","quote":"Establishing a multidisciplinary team to respond to reports of concerning behavior is considered best practice.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["multidisciplinary-team-composition-and-teaming"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"table: BTAM characteristics table","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":9,"rects":[[0.35179,0.63678,0.49596,0.01393],[0.35179,0.65225,0.38813,0.01393]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p009-10","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p009-10","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 9). Claim p009-10, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p009-10","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 9). Claim p009-10, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p009-10\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p009-10</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p009-10","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p009-11","page":9,"section":"what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management","type":"statement","title":"Local agencies can structure BTAM teams at school level, district level, or both","quote":"Local education agencies can structure the team to best meet the local needs and available resources (school-based teams, a district-based team, or both).","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["multidisciplinary-team-composition-and-teaming"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"table: BTAM characteristics table","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":9,"rects":[[0.74866,0.65225,0.1294,0.01393],[0.35179,0.66772,0.53137,0.01393],[0.35179,0.68319,0.51319,0.01393],[0.35179,0.69865,0.06015,0.01393]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p009-11","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p009-11","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 9). Claim p009-11, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p009-11","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 9). Claim p009-11, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p009-11\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p009-11</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p009-11","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p009-12","page":9,"section":"what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management","type":"statement","title":"The BTAM team leads further information gathering and co-designs an intervention and management plan","quote":"The team will lead the process of gathering additional information and collaborate on designing an intervention and management plan.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["assessment-and-information-gathering","individualized-support-and-management-plans"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"table: BTAM characteristics table","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":9,"rects":[[0.42793,0.69865,0.4362,0.01393],[0.35179,0.71412,0.49635,0.01393],[0.35179,0.72959,0.1465,0.01393]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p009-12","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p009-12","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 9). Claim p009-12, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p009-12","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 9). Claim p009-12, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p009-12\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p009-12</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p009-12","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p009-13","page":9,"section":"what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management","type":"conclusion","title":"BTAM teams should include diverse disciplines, from administrators to SROs and special educators","quote":"Teams should include diverse representation from various disciplines and functions within the school community including, but not limited to, administration; individuals with mental health expertise (e.g., school counselor, school psychologist); individuals with social, emotional, behavioral (SEB) expertise (e.g., school counselor, social worker); individuals with special education expertise; individuals focused on student health and wellness (e.g., school nurse); and school safety specialists (e.g., school resource officer).","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["multidisciplinary-team-composition-and-teaming"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"table: BTAM characteristics table","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":9,"rects":[[0.50719,0.72959,0.35999,0.01393],[0.35179,0.74505,0.54568,0.01393],[0.35179,0.76052,0.54529,0.01393],[0.35179,0.77599,0.49395,0.01393],[0.35179,0.79146,0.53542,0.01393],[0.35179,0.80692,0.54037,0.01393],[0.35179,0.82239,0.53802,0.01393],[0.35179,0.83786,0.52467,0.01393],[0.35179,0.85333,0.05224,0.01393]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p009-13","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p009-13","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 9). Claim p009-13, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p009-13","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 9). Claim p009-13, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p009-13\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p009-13</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p009-13","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p010-01","page":10,"section":"what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management","type":"statement","title":"A BTAM characteristic: identifying threatening and concerning behaviors, assessed in context","quote":"Identifies threatening and other concerning behaviors and assesses them in context","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["assessment-and-information-gathering","behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management-btam"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"table: BTAM characteristics table","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":10,"rects":[[0.07818,0.28817,0.21178,0.01379],[0.07818,0.3036,0.22578,0.01379],[0.07818,0.31903,0.17225,0.01379],[0.07818,0.33446,0.06196,0.01379]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p010-01","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p010-01","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 10). Claim p010-01, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p010-01","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 10). Claim p010-01, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p010-01\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p010-01</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p010-01","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p010-02","page":10,"section":"what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management","type":"conclusion","title":"Concerning student behaviors should be assessed in context, not in isolation","quote":"When student behaviors elicit concern for their safety or that of others, they should be assessed in context and not in isolation.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["assessment-and-information-gathering"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"table: BTAM characteristics table","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":10,"rects":[[0.34625,0.19612,0.51738,0.01393],[0.34625,0.21155,0.50245,0.01393]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p010-02","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p010-02","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 10). Claim p010-02, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p010-02","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 10). Claim p010-02, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p010-02\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p010-02</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p010-02","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p010-03","page":10,"section":"what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management","type":"conclusion","title":"Teams should gather information from multiple sources like the student, teachers and family","quote":"The multidisciplinary team should gather information from multiple sources (e.g., the student of concern, teachers, classmates, family, and friends) to better inform a more accurate understanding of the student’s thinking, behavior, and situational circumstances (e.g., stressors).","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["assessment-and-information-gathering"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"table: BTAM characteristics table","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":10,"rects":[[0.8576,0.21155,0.03008,0.01393],[0.34625,0.22698,0.5753,0.01393],[0.34625,0.24241,0.56687,0.01393],[0.34625,0.25784,0.51887,0.01393],[0.34625,0.27327,0.51303,0.01393]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p010-03","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p010-03","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 10). Claim p010-03, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p010-03","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 10). Claim p010-03, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p010-03\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p010-03</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p010-03","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p010-04","page":10,"section":"what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management","type":"conclusion","title":"Diverse information sources help teams accurately assess student risk and needs","quote":"Gathering information from diverse sources helps to ensure the team identifies concerning behaviors and accurately assesses the student’s risk and needs to better provide appropriate interventions, supports, and resources.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["assessment-and-information-gathering"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"table: BTAM characteristics table","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":10,"rects":[[0.34625,0.2887,0.55839,0.01393],[0.34625,0.30413,0.56068,0.01393],[0.34625,0.31956,0.55516,0.01393],[0.34625,0.33499,0.11312,0.01393]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p010-04","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p010-04","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 10). Claim p010-04, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p010-04","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 10). Claim p010-04, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p010-04\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p010-04</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p010-04","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p010-05","page":10,"section":"what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management","type":"conclusion","title":"Teams should evaluate concerning behaviors relative to age and social-emotional development","quote":"Additionally, multidisciplinary teams should evaluate the student’s concerning behaviors in the context of their age and social-emotional development.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["assessment-and-information-gathering"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"table: BTAM characteristics table","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":10,"rects":[[0.34625,0.36431,0.53365,0.01393],[0.34625,0.37974,0.56328,0.01393],[0.34625,0.39516,0.10647,0.01393]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p010-05","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p010-05","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 10). Claim p010-05, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p010-05","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 10). Claim p010-05, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p010-05\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p010-05</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p010-05","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p010-06","page":10,"section":"what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management","type":"conjecture","title":"Behaviors that seem maladaptive may be typical for teens or reflect mental health needs","quote":"Although some behaviors may seem inappropriate or maladaptive, they may be typical for adolescent behavior or in the context of identified mental health or developmental needs.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["assessment-and-information-gathering"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"table: BTAM characteristics table","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":10,"rects":[[0.46163,0.39516,0.43176,0.01393],[0.34625,0.41059,0.53744,0.01393],[0.34625,0.42602,0.48031,0.01393]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p010-06","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p010-06","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 10). Claim p010-06, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p010-06","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 10). Claim p010-06, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p010-06\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p010-06</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p010-06","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p010-07","page":10,"section":"what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management","type":"conclusion","title":"Focusing on a behavior continuum lets teams intervene before escalation to harm","quote":"Focusing on a continuum of concerning behaviors allows teams to identify students in distress and intervene before their behavior escalates to the point of harm to themselves or others.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management-btam","concerning-and-prohibited-behaviors"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"table: BTAM characteristics table","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":10,"rects":[[0.11475,0.67007,0.78286,0.02368],[0.11475,0.69532,0.80166,0.02368],[0.11475,0.72056,0.81319,0.02368],[0.11475,0.7458,0.12533,0.02368]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p010-07","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p010-07","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 10). Claim p010-07, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p010-07","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 10). Claim p010-07, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p010-07\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p010-07</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p010-07","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p011-01","page":11,"section":"what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management","type":"statement","title":"Team's main goal is finding interventions and resources to support the student and manage risk","quote":"A primary objective of the multidisciplinary team is to identify relevant interventions and resources which can be leveraged to support the student and manage any risk of harm.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["individualized-support-and-management-plans","multidisciplinary-team-composition-and-teaming"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"table: BTAM characteristics table","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":11,"rects":[[0.35327,0.18277,0.5021,0.01393],[0.35327,0.1982,0.51124,0.01393],[0.35327,0.21363,0.40201,0.01393]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p011-01","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p011-01","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 11). Claim p011-01, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p011-01","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 11). Claim p011-01, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p011-01\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p011-01</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p011-01","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p011-02","page":11,"section":"what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management","type":"conclusion","title":"Students assessed as risky should get individualized plans fitting their needs and context","quote":"Any student assessed as posing a risk of harm by the multidisciplinary team should receive an individualized support and management plan that considers the student’s specific social, emotional, and behavioral needs and considers the impact the student’s school, home, and community life have on their thinking and behaviors.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["individualized-support-and-management-plans"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"table: BTAM characteristics table","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":11,"rects":[[0.76418,0.21363,0.09911,0.01393],[0.35327,0.22906,0.50971,0.01393],[0.35327,0.24449,0.55058,0.01393],[0.35327,0.25992,0.52334,0.01393],[0.35327,0.27535,0.51976,0.01393],[0.35327,0.29078,0.4205,0.01393]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p011-02","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p011-02","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 11). Claim p011-02, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p011-02","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 11). Claim p011-02, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p011-02\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p011-02</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p011-02","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p011-03","page":11,"section":"what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management","type":"conjecture","title":"Student may need help coping with losses, building resiliency, managing emotions or stressors","quote":"Depending on the information gathered and assessed, the student may need help or guidance coping with losses, developing resiliency to overcome setbacks, learning more appropriate strategies to manage emotions, or reducing the effect of stressors.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["individualized-support-and-management-plans","mental-health-supports"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"table: BTAM characteristics table","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":11,"rects":[[0.78268,0.29078,0.11462,0.01393],[0.35327,0.30621,0.54168,0.01393],[0.35327,0.32164,0.53659,0.01393],[0.35327,0.33707,0.553,0.01393],[0.35327,0.3525,0.275,0.01393]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p011-03","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p011-03","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 11). Claim p011-03, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p011-03","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 11). Claim p011-03, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p011-03\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p011-03</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p011-03","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p011-04","page":11,"section":"what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management","type":"conjecture","title":"Plans could stabilize the environment, redirect motives for harm, and make violence less likely","quote":"Support and management plans could seek to stabilize the student’s physical and emotional environment by addressing factors of concern and promoting positive factors, redirecting potential motives for harm to self or others while helping them toward more favorable outcomes, and creating a situation less prone to violence (see Figure 1).","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["individualized-support-and-management-plans"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"table: BTAM characteristics table","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":11,"rects":[[0.63717,0.3525,0.2131,0.01393],[0.35327,0.36792,0.52875,0.01393],[0.35327,0.38335,0.56715,0.01393],[0.35327,0.39878,0.50707,0.01393],[0.35327,0.41421,0.53836,0.01393],[0.35327,0.42964,0.37243,0.01393]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p011-04","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p011-04","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 11). Claim p011-04, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p011-04","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 11). Claim p011-04, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p011-04\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p011-04</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p011-04","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p011-05","page":11,"section":"what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management","type":"conjecture","title":"Resources could include peer support, counseling, life skills, tutoring, or mental health help","quote":"Resources could include peer support programs or counseling to enhance social skills and/or emotional competency, life skills classes, tutoring in specific subjects, or mental health support.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["individualized-support-and-management-plans","mental-health-supports"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"table: BTAM characteristics table","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":11,"rects":[[0.7417,0.42964,0.13299,0.01393],[0.35327,0.44507,0.55485,0.01393],[0.35327,0.4605,0.54347,0.01393],[0.35327,0.47593,0.27735,0.01393]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p011-05","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p011-05","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 11). Claim p011-05, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p011-05","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 11). Claim p011-05, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p011-05\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p011-05</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p011-05","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p011-06","page":11,"section":"what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management","type":"conjecture","title":"Additional supports could address ACEs, bullying or harassment, and housing stability","quote":"Additional supports could address the impact of home life factors (e.g., adverse childhood experiences [ACEs]) experiences with bullying and/or harassment, or social services for housing and living stability.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["bullying-and-harassment-prevention","community-resources-and-partnerships","individualized-support-and-management-plans"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"table: BTAM characteristics table","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":11,"rects":[[0.63953,0.47593,0.27834,0.01393],[0.35327,0.49136,0.54904,0.01393],[0.35327,0.50679,0.50991,0.01393],[0.35327,0.52222,0.31457,0.01393]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p011-06","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p011-06","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 11). Claim p011-06, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p011-06","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 11). Claim p011-06, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p011-06\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p011-06</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p011-06","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p011-07","page":11,"section":"what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management","type":"conclusion","title":"Team should consider coordinating with outside resources or special education team as relevant","quote":"Throughout the process, the multidisciplinary team should consider coordination with outside resources or a student’s special education team, as relevant.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["community-resources-and-partnerships","iep-team-coordination"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"table: BTAM characteristics table","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":11,"rects":[[0.67536,0.52222,0.22934,0.01393],[0.35327,0.53765,0.52452,0.01393],[0.35327,0.55308,0.48177,0.01393]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p011-07","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p011-07","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 11). Claim p011-07, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p011-07","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 11). Claim p011-07, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p011-07\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p011-07</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p011-07","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p012-01","page":12,"section":"what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management","type":"statement","title":"Figure 1 lists four guiding principles for managing concerning behavior during BTAM","quote":"FIGURE 1 | Address factors of concern and promote positive factors | Redirect potential motives for violence | Create a situation less prone to violence | Utilize the Systems Approach for support and management","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["individualized-support-and-management-plans"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"figure: Figure 1","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"table row","page":12,"rects":[[0.0608,0.10727,0.83239,0.0177]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p012-01","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p012-01","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 12). Claim p012-01, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p012-01","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 12). Claim p012-01, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p012-01\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p012-01</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p012-01","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p012-02","page":12,"section":"what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management","type":"statement","title":"Address principle: identify negative factors and build strategies for positive outcomes","quote":"Identify negative factors and create strategies to support positive outcomes.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["individualized-support-and-management-plans"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"figure: Figure 1","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":12,"rects":[[0.2915,0.21089,0.11144,0.01103],[0.2915,0.22099,0.11918,0.01103],[0.2915,0.23109,0.08217,0.01103],[0.2915,0.24119,0.10742,0.01103],[0.2915,0.25129,0.06456,0.01103]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p012-02","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p012-02","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 12). Claim p012-02, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p012-02","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 12). Claim p012-02, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p012-02\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p012-02</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p012-02","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p012-03","page":12,"section":"what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management","type":"statement","title":"Redirect principle: identify possible motivations and direct resources to them","quote":"Identify possible motivations and direct resources to address them.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["individualized-support-and-management-plans"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"figure: Figure 1","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":12,"rects":[[0.46557,0.21089,0.10904,0.01103],[0.46557,0.22099,0.10601,0.01103],[0.46557,0.23109,0.10545,0.01103],[0.46557,0.24119,0.10656,0.01103]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p012-03","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p012-03","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 12). Claim p012-03, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p012-03","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 12). Claim p012-03, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p012-03\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p012-03</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p012-03","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p012-04","page":12,"section":"what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management","type":"statement","title":"Create principle: build an environment where violence is less likely","quote":"Create an enviornment in which violence is less likely.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["individualized-support-and-management-plans"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"figure: Figure 1","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":12,"rects":[[0.63242,0.21215,0.06314,0.01103],[0.63242,0.22225,0.09889,0.01103],[0.63242,0.23235,0.11179,0.01103],[0.63242,0.24245,0.06268,0.01103]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p012-04","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p012-04","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 12). Claim p012-04, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p012-04","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 12). Claim p012-04, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p012-04\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p012-04</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p012-04","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p012-05","page":12,"section":"what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management","type":"statement","title":"Collaborate principle: work with community stakeholders who can contribute","quote":"Collaborate with community stakeholders who can contribute.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["community-resources-and-partnerships","individualized-support-and-management-plans"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"figure: Figure 1","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":12,"rects":[[0.80199,0.21228,0.0764,0.01103],[0.80199,0.22238,0.10617,0.01103],[0.80199,0.23248,0.1155,0.01103],[0.80199,0.24258,0.09554,0.01103]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p012-05","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p012-05","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 12). Claim p012-05, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p012-05","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 12). Claim p012-05, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p012-05\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p012-05</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p012-05","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p012-06","page":12,"section":"what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management","type":"statement","title":"Figure 1 Address and Redirect examples include substance abuse intervention and family support","quote":"Substance abuse intervention • Physical or mental health support • Family support • Academic recovery • Mentoring or peer support • Restorative problem solving or mediation • Effective bullying intervention • Opportunities to share strengths","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["individualized-support-and-management-plans"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"figure: Figure 1","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":null,"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p012-06","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p012-06","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 12). Claim p012-06, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p012-06","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 12). Claim p012-06, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p012-06\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p012-06</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p012-06","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p012-07","page":12,"section":"what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management","type":"statement","title":"Create examples: limit weapon access, consider searches, modify schedules or access","quote":"Reduce or eliminate access to weapons • Consider safety checks or searches • Modify schedules or restrict access to specific locations or people","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["individualized-support-and-management-plans"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"figure: Figure 1","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":12,"rects":[[0.63123,0.28946,0.13144,0.01103],[0.63188,0.29956,0.12312,0.01103],[0.62143,0.31375,0.1123,0.01327],[0.63188,0.32481,0.12417,0.01103],[0.62143,0.33901,0.1239,0.01327],[0.63188,0.35007,0.11166,0.01103],[0.63188,0.36017,0.1319,0.01103],[0.63188,0.37027,0.06354,0.01103]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p012-07","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p012-07","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 12). Claim p012-07, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p012-07","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 12). Claim p012-07, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p012-07\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p012-07</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p012-07","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p012-08","page":12,"section":"what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management","type":"statement","title":"Collaboration example: leverage community partners, health providers, families, police","quote":"Leverage resources and collaborations with community partners, mental and physical health providers, families, and law enforcement","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["community-resources-and-partnerships","individualized-support-and-management-plans"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"figure: Figure 1","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":12,"rects":[[0.80402,0.28946,0.12728,0.01103],[0.80402,0.29956,0.12188,0.01103],[0.80402,0.30966,0.10617,0.01103],[0.80402,0.31976,0.10775,0.01103],[0.80402,0.32987,0.0818,0.01103],[0.80402,0.33997,0.11053,0.01103],[0.80402,0.35007,0.10876,0.01103],[0.80402,0.36017,0.08348,0.01103]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p012-08","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p012-08","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 12). Claim p012-08, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p012-08","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 12). Claim p012-08, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p012-08\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p012-08</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p012-08","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p012-09","page":12,"section":"what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management","type":"conclusion","title":"Team should identify existing school resources usable across tiers for ongoing support","quote":"As part of the support process, the multidisciplinary team should determine what existing, school-based resources can be leveraged across tiers (e.g., counselor-led groups, targeted interventions, functional behavioral assessment and planning, scheduling changes) to provide ongoing support.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["individualized-support-and-management-plans","multi-tiered-system-of-support-mtss"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"table: BTAM characteristics table","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":12,"rects":[[0.35532,0.52633,0.52609,0.01393],[0.35532,0.54176,0.53908,0.01393],[0.35532,0.55719,0.50576,0.01393],[0.35532,0.57262,0.55382,0.01393],[0.35532,0.58805,0.22412,0.01393]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p012-09","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p012-09","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 12). Claim p012-09, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p012-09","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 12). Claim p012-09, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p012-09\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p012-09</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p012-09","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p012-10","page":12,"section":"what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management","type":"conclusion","title":"Team should identify community resources and contacts for supports unavailable at school","quote":"Additionally, the team should identify community-based resources and points of contact for any specific resources or supports unavailable at the school or district levels (e.g., intensive mental health support, social services). Through their expertise, team members may have community contacts that could aid the student’s well-being and support them comprehensively.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["community-resources-and-partnerships"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"table: BTAM characteristics table","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":12,"rects":[[0.58834,0.58805,0.30272,0.01393],[0.35532,0.60348,0.53686,0.01393],[0.35532,0.61891,0.51558,0.01393],[0.35532,0.63434,0.55068,0.01393],[0.35532,0.64977,0.54565,0.01393],[0.35532,0.6652,0.51615,0.01393]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p012-10","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p012-10","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 12). Claim p012-10, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p012-10","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 12). Claim p012-10, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p012-10\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p012-10</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p012-10","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p012-11","page":12,"section":"what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management","type":"conclusion","title":"For students with disabilities, the BTAM team must coordinate with the IEP team","quote":"For students with disabilities (SWD), the multidisciplinary team must coordinate with their Individualized Education Plan (IEP) team, as described on pages 41-46.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["iep-team-coordination"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"table: BTAM characteristics table","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":12,"rects":[[0.87898,0.6652,0.02765,0.01393],[0.35532,0.68063,0.52362,0.01393],[0.35532,0.69606,0.53104,0.01393],[0.35532,0.71149,0.20926,0.01393]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p012-11","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p012-11","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 12). Claim p012-11, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p012-11","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 12). Claim p012-11, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p012-11\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p012-11</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p012-11","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p012-12","page":12,"section":"what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management","type":"conclusion","title":"Positive climates of safety, respect, trust and support enhance targeted violence prevention","quote":"Positive school climates built on a culture of safety, respect, trust, and social-emotional support enhance targeted violence prevention.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["positive-school-climate"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"table: BTAM characteristics table","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":12,"rects":[[0.35532,0.77072,0.53002,0.01393],[0.35532,0.78614,0.54905,0.01393]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p012-12","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p012-12","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 12). Claim p012-12, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p012-12","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 12). Claim p012-12, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p012-12\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p012-12</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p012-12","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p012-13","page":12,"section":"what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management","type":"statement","title":"Safe schools feature adults who support students, intervene in conflicts, prevent bullying","quote":"Safe school environments are characterized by adults who prioritize student support, encourage communication between faculty and students, actively intervene in conflicts, and work to prevent harassment and bullying.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["positive-school-climate"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"table: BTAM characteristics table","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":12,"rects":[[0.35532,0.80157,0.55017,0.01393],[0.35532,0.817,0.49047,0.01393],[0.35532,0.83243,0.52238,0.01393],[0.35532,0.84786,0.19775,0.01393]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p012-13","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p012-13","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 12). Claim p012-13, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p012-13","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 12). Claim p012-13, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p012-13\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p012-13</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p012-13","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p012-14","page":12,"section":"what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management","type":"conclusion","title":"Trusting staff-student relationships help students feel connected and willing to share concerns","quote":"In schools where teachers and staff are encouraged to build positive, trusting relationships with students, students feel connected, cared for, and empowered to share concerns without fear of discipline or shame.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["bystander-reporting-mechanisms","positive-school-climate"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"table: BTAM characteristics table","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":12,"rects":[[0.56197,0.84786,0.31615,0.01393],[0.35532,0.86329,0.53019,0.01393],[0.35532,0.87872,0.56481,0.01393],[0.35532,0.89415,0.28104,0.01393]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p012-14","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p012-14","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 12). Claim p012-14, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p012-14","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 12). Claim p012-14, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p012-14\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p012-14</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p012-14","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p013-01","page":13,"section":"what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management","type":"statement","title":"BTAM's defining characteristics help address common misperceptions about its use","quote":"Additionally, these defining characteristics and implementation factors of BTAM serve to address common misperceptions of its use.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management-btam"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Intro para","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":13,"rects":[[0.14379,0.09249,0.65198,0.01532],[0.14379,0.11144,0.51599,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p013-01","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p013-01","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 13). Claim p013-01, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p013-01","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 13). Claim p013-01, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p013-01\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p013-01</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p013-01","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p013-02","page":13,"section":"what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management","type":"conclusion","title":"Students flagged often haven't committed crimes, so treating them as criminals harms trust","quote":"Often, students who come to the attention of the school have not engaged in criminal activity so interacting with them as if they have committed a crime does not foster a positive, trusting relationship with the student.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["exclusionary-discipline-and-zero-tolerance"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"callout: Not a criminal investigation box","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":13,"rects":[[0.08897,0.26492,0.34583,0.01393],[0.08897,0.27881,0.34503,0.01393],[0.08897,0.2927,0.38331,0.01393],[0.08897,0.30659,0.36798,0.01393],[0.08897,0.32048,0.30044,0.01393]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p013-02","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p013-02","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 13). Claim p013-02, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p013-02","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 13). Claim p013-02, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p013-02\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p013-02</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p013-02","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p013-03","page":13,"section":"what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management","type":"conclusion","title":"Assessment should gather contextual info (age, development, wellbeing, interests) to provide support","quote":"Assessing students who display concerning behaviors should be focused on gathering information about them and their behaviors within the context of relevant factors such as age, social and emotional development, mental health and well-being, and personal interests in order to provide support.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["assessment-and-information-gathering"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"callout: Not a criminal investigation box","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":13,"rects":[[0.39832,0.32048,0.08001,0.01393],[0.08897,0.33437,0.35076,0.01393],[0.08897,0.34826,0.35643,0.01393],[0.08897,0.36215,0.34111,0.01393],[0.08897,0.37603,0.3682,0.01393],[0.08897,0.38992,0.38258,0.01393],[0.08897,0.40381,0.36205,0.01393],[0.08897,0.4177,0.13016,0.01393]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p013-03","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p013-03","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 13). Claim p013-03, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p013-03","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 13). Claim p013-03, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p013-03\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p013-03</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p013-03","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p013-04","page":13,"section":"what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management","type":"statement","title":"Zero-tolerance policies ignore behavioral context and do not address student needs","quote":"Zero-tolerance policies do not consider the context associated with a student’s behavior and are not intended to address student needs.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["exclusionary-discipline-and-zero-tolerance"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"callout: No zero tolerance box","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":13,"rects":[[0.52965,0.26492,0.34964,0.01393],[0.52965,0.27881,0.36081,0.01393],[0.52965,0.2927,0.37947,0.01393]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p013-04","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p013-04","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 13). Claim p013-04, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p013-04","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 13). Claim p013-04, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p013-04\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p013-04</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p013-04","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p013-05","page":13,"section":"what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management","type":"statement","title":"Threat assessment uses behavioral context to identify fitting interventions and resources","quote":"In contrast, behavioral threat assessment purposefully considers the context surrounding a student’s behavior and uses that information to identify the most appropriate interventions and resources to support their needs.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["assessment-and-information-gathering","behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management-btam"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"callout: No zero tolerance box","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":13,"rects":[[0.52965,0.30659,0.33101,0.01393],[0.52965,0.32048,0.38348,0.01393],[0.52965,0.33437,0.37637,0.01393],[0.52965,0.34826,0.3706,0.01393],[0.52965,0.36215,0.29897,0.01393]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p013-05","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p013-05","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 13). Claim p013-05, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p013-05","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 13). Claim p013-05, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p013-05\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p013-05</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p013-05","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p013-06","page":13,"section":"what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management","type":"statement","title":"BTAM's primary objective is early identification and intervention, i.e., proactive prevention","quote":"The primary objective of a behavioral threat assessment is early identification and early intervention – in other words, proactive prevention.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management-btam"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"callout: Not disciplinary box","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":13,"rects":[[0.08897,0.4975,0.35571,0.01393],[0.08897,0.51139,0.34637,0.01393],[0.08897,0.52528,0.31799,0.01393],[0.08897,0.53916,0.08673,0.01393]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p013-06","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p013-06","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 13). Claim p013-06, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p013-06","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 13). Claim p013-06, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p013-06\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p013-06</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p013-06","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p013-07","page":13,"section":"what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management","type":"statement","title":"BTAM is not synonymous with reactive discipline, exclusion or punishment","quote":"The process is not synonymous with reactive disciplinary processes, exclusionary practices, or punitive measures.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["exclusionary-discipline-and-zero-tolerance"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"callout: Not disciplinary box","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":13,"rects":[[0.18461,0.53916,0.29376,0.01393],[0.08897,0.55305,0.35607,0.01393],[0.08897,0.56694,0.25142,0.01393]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p013-07","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p013-07","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 13). Claim p013-07, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p013-07","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 13). Claim p013-07, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p013-07\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p013-07</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p013-07","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p013-08","page":13,"section":"what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management","type":"evidence","title":"Threat assessment complements MTSS/PBIS, improving outcomes and reducing harm risk","quote":"A behavioral threat assessment approach complements existing, related student support programs (e.g., MTSS/PBIS). This combination of approaches promotes successful outcomes for all students and decreases the risk of harm to the school community (NTAC, 2021).","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["integration-of-btam-with-mtss-pbis"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"callout: Not replacing support box","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":13,"rects":[[0.52965,0.51293,0.33537,0.01393],[0.52965,0.52682,0.37835,0.01393],[0.52965,0.5407,0.37308,0.01393],[0.52965,0.55459,0.37121,0.01393],[0.52965,0.56848,0.37474,0.01393],[0.52965,0.58237,0.30647,0.01393]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p013-08","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p013-08","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 13). Claim p013-08, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p013-08","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 13). Claim p013-08, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p013-08\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p013-08</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p013-08","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p013-09","page":13,"section":"what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management","type":"statement","title":"Threat assessment focuses on behavior and support, unrelated to physical building security","quote":"Behavioral threat assessment focuses on understanding a student’s concerning behavior in context and identifying effective support and management strategies. It is unrelated to the physical security of a building (e.g., door locks and screening systems).","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management-btam"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"callout: Not physical security box","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":13,"rects":[[0.08897,0.66423,0.30341,0.01393],[0.08897,0.67812,0.33119,0.01393],[0.08897,0.69201,0.35808,0.01393],[0.08897,0.7059,0.33251,0.01393],[0.08897,0.71979,0.37575,0.01393],[0.08897,0.73367,0.31714,0.01393]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p013-09","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p013-09","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 13). Claim p013-09, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p013-09","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 13). Claim p013-09, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p013-09\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p013-09</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p013-09","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p013-10","page":13,"section":"what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management","type":"statement","title":"BTAM may coincide with disciplinary or legal action depending on severity and policy","quote":"While BTAM is separate from a disciplinary process, it is important to recognize that it may coincide with disciplinary, punitive, or legal actions depending upon the severity of the behavior and local policies.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["exclusionary-discipline-and-zero-tolerance"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Closing para","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":13,"rects":[[0.1221,0.832,0.77022,0.01671],[0.1221,0.85347,0.76984,0.01671],[0.1221,0.87494,0.44092,0.01671]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p013-10","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p013-10","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 13). Claim p013-10, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p013-10","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 13). Claim p013-10, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p013-10\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p013-10</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p013-10","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p014-01","page":14,"section":"best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management","type":"fact","title":"After 2018 Parkland and Santa Fe shootings, Secret Service began school violence initiative","quote":"Following the tragic school shootings in Parkland, FL and Santa Fe, TX in 2018, the Secret Service launched an initiative to provide updated research and guidance to school personnel and other public safety partners on the prevention of school-based violence.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["national-threat-assessment-center-research-and-mandate"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Best Practices para 1","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":14,"rects":[[0.11765,0.6085,0.71876,0.01655],[0.11765,0.6287,0.73928,0.01655],[0.11765,0.64889,0.72513,0.01655],[0.11765,0.66909,0.35837,0.01655]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p014-01","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p014-01","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 14). Claim p014-01, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p014-01","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 14). Claim p014-01, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p014-01\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p014-01</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p014-01","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p014-02","page":14,"section":"best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management","type":"evidence","title":"NTAC's 2018 guide gives schools actionable guidance on building a targeted violence prevention plan","quote":"That year, the NTAC released Enhancing School Safety Using a Threat Assessment Model (2018), which provides actionable guidance for schools on creating a targeted violence prevention plan to decrease the risk of students engaging in harm to themselves or the school community.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["ntac-eight-step-threat-assessment-model"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Best Practices para 1","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"clauses(1/2)","page":14,"rects":[[0.677,0.68931,0.14912,0.01655],[0.11765,0.7095,0.74072,0.01655],[0.11765,0.7297,0.74556,0.01655],[0.11765,0.7499,0.1811,0.01655]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p014-02","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p014-02","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 14). Claim p014-02, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p014-02","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 14). Claim p014-02, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p014-02\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p014-02</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p014-02","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p014-03","page":14,"section":"best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management","type":"statement","title":"NTAC's eight steps are a blueprint that can be tailored to each school's context and needs","quote":"The eight recommended steps serve as a blueprint for implementation and can be tailored to the specific context and needs of the school, its students, and its community.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["ntac-eight-step-threat-assessment-model"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Best Practices para 1","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":14,"rects":[[0.30823,0.7499,0.53286,0.01655],[0.11765,0.77009,0.74995,0.01655],[0.11765,0.79029,0.38366,0.01655]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p014-03","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p014-03","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 14). Claim p014-03, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p014-03","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 14). Claim p014-03, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p014-03\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p014-03</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p014-03","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p014-04","page":14,"section":"best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management","type":"conclusion","title":"Step 1: establish a multidisciplinary threat assessment team drawn from varied school disciplines","quote":"STEP 1: ESTABLISH A MULTIDISCIPLINARY THREAT ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT TEAM • Form a team representing a variety of disciplines within the school community including at least:","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["multidisciplinary-team-composition-and-teaming","ntac-eight-step-threat-assessment-model"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Step 1","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":14,"rects":[[0.11788,0.83011,0.7091,0.01953],[0.11788,0.85031,0.55405,0.01953],[0.12745,0.88801,0.719,0.01825],[0.14706,0.90849,0.15179,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p014-04","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p014-04","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 14). Claim p014-04, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p014-04","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 14). Claim p014-04, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p014-04\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p014-04</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p014-04","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p015-01","page":15,"section":"best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management","type":"statement","title":"Recommended BTAM team members: five roles, including teachers and safety specialists","quote":"„ Teachers (general and special educators) „ Administrators „ Individuals with social, emotional, behavioral (SEB) expertise (e.g., counselor, social worker) „ Individuals with mental health expertise (e.g., school psychologist, social worker) „ School safety specialists (e.g., school resource officer, local law enforcement liaison)","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["multidisciplinary-team-composition-and-teaming"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"other: Team membership list","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":15,"rects":[[0.18791,0.09098,0.36553,0.01532],[0.1683,0.12254,0.15102,0.01532],[0.1683,0.15411,0.56099,0.01532],[0.18791,0.17305,0.26871,0.01532],[0.1683,0.20461,0.48498,0.01532],[0.18791,0.22356,0.24796,0.01532],[0.1683,0.25512,0.49625,0.01532],[0.18791,0.27406,0.25771,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p015-01","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p015-01","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 15). Claim p015-01, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p015-01","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 15). Claim p015-01, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p015-01\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p015-01</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p015-01","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p015-02","page":15,"section":"best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management","type":"statement","title":"Local agencies can use school-based, district-based, or combined teams to fit needs","quote":"Local education agencies can structure the team to best meet the local needs and available resources through school-based teams, a central district-based team, or a combination of both.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["multidisciplinary-team-composition-and-teaming"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Step 1 para","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":15,"rects":[[0.14705,0.30816,0.73223,0.01532],[0.14705,0.3271,0.73969,0.01532],[0.14705,0.34605,0.18238,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p015-02","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p015-02","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 15). Claim p015-02, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p015-02","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 15). Claim p015-02, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p015-02\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p015-02</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p015-02","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p015-03","page":15,"section":"best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management","type":"definition","title":"Team receives reports, gathers information, and identifies interventions to reduce harm","quote":"The team’s job is to receive reports of concerning student behavior and situations; gather additional information to better assess the student’s risks and needs; and identify interventions, supports, and resources to reduce the risk of harm to self or others and make positive outcomes for the student more likely.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["assessment-and-information-gathering","behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management-btam"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Step 1 para","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":15,"rects":[[0.14705,0.38519,0.73198,0.01532],[0.14705,0.40413,0.71467,0.01532],[0.14705,0.42308,0.73296,0.01532],[0.14705,0.44202,0.55824,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p015-03","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p015-03","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 15). Claim p015-03, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p015-03","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 15). Claim p015-03, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p015-03\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p015-03</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p015-03","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p015-04","page":15,"section":"best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management","type":"statement","title":"Teams meet when concerns arise and regularly to refine practice and monitor students","quote":"Teams meet whenever concerning behavior or situations are brought to their attention. They also meet regularly to discuss implementation, continue learning and refining best practices, and continue monitoring the progress of students who are being supported.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["multidisciplinary-team-composition-and-teaming"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Step 1 para","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":15,"rects":[[0.14705,0.48116,0.77471,0.01532],[0.14705,0.5001,0.77914,0.01532],[0.14705,0.51905,0.76421,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p015-04","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p015-04","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 15). Claim p015-04, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p015-04","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 15). Claim p015-04, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p015-04\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p015-04</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p015-04","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p015-05","page":15,"section":"best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management","type":"statement","title":"Some districts rename BTAM teams as ACT or BIT to stress care or behavior spectrum","quote":"While some schools or districts refer to their team as a Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management (BTAM) Team, others have opted to use other names such as Assessment and Care Team (ACT) to emphasize the care-based nature of the work or Behavioral Intervention Team (BIT) to highlight focusing on a spectrum of concerning behaviors.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management-btam"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Step 1 para","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":15,"rects":[[0.13517,0.58096,0.79886,0.01532],[0.13517,0.5999,0.7749,0.01532],[0.13517,0.61885,0.74949,0.01532],[0.13517,0.63779,0.75506,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p015-05","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p015-05","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 15). Claim p015-05, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p015-05","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 15). Claim p015-05, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p015-05\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p015-05</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p015-05","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p015-06","page":15,"section":"best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management","type":"conclusion","title":"Define a continuum of concerning to prohibited behaviors; prohibited ones need immediate action","quote":"Define a continuum of behaviors that initiate the behavioral threat assessment process, ranging from contextually concerning behaviors to those that are prohibited. „ Prohibited behaviors warrant immediate intervention (e.g., threatening or engaging in violence, bringing a weapon to school, bullying, harassment, and similar behaviors that may pose a direct risk of violence). „ Concerning behaviors may not necessarily be indicative of violence, but warrant additional information to determine if student-centered support and intervention","tag":"I","reason":"The sentence crosses a page break: this quote is the page 15 part and the sentence continues on page 16 (claim p016-01). Full sentence (pages 15–16): “„ Concerning behaviors may not necessarily be indicative of violence, but warrant additional information to determine if student-centered support and intervention are appropriate (e.g., concerning statements and actions; unusual interest in violence or weapons; sudden or dramatic changes in behavior or appearance; withdrawal or isolation; substance abuse; depression, self-harm, and suicidal ideations).”","concepts":["concerning-and-prohibited-behaviors","ntac-eight-step-threat-assessment-model"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Step 2 para","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":15,"rects":[[0.14706,0.75891,0.77481,0.01532],[0.14706,0.77785,0.68273,0.01532],[0.1683,0.81293,0.67639,0.01825],[0.18791,0.83341,0.68419,0.01532],[0.18791,0.85235,0.50729,0.01532],[0.1683,0.88238,0.73646,0.01825],[0.18791,0.90285,0.72087,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p015-06","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p015-06","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 15). Claim p015-06, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p015-06","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 15). Claim p015-06, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p015-06\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p015-06</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p015-06","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p016-01","page":16,"section":"best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management","type":"definition","title":"Concerning behavior examples include violence interest, withdrawal, substance abuse and self-harm","quote":"are appropriate (e.g., concerning statements and actions; unusual interest in violence or weapons; sudden or dramatic changes in behavior or appearance; withdrawal or isolation; substance abuse; depression, self-harm, and suicidal ideations).","tag":"I","reason":"The sentence crosses a page break: this quote is the page 16 part and the sentence begins on page 15 (claim p015-06). Full sentence (pages 15–16): “„ Concerning behaviors may not necessarily be indicative of violence, but warrant additional information to determine if student-centered support and intervention are appropriate (e.g., concerning statements and actions; unusual interest in violence or weapons; sudden or dramatic changes in behavior or appearance; withdrawal or isolation; substance abuse; depression, self-harm, and suicidal ideations).”","concepts":["concerning-and-prohibited-behaviors"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Step 2 para","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":16,"rects":[[0.18791,0.09224,0.67583,0.01532],[0.18791,0.11118,0.69016,0.01532],[0.18791,0.13013,0.67729,0.01532],[0.18791,0.14907,0.08133,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p016-01","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p016-01","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 16). Claim p016-01, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p016-01","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 16). Claim p016-01, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p016-01\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p016-01</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p016-01","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p016-02","page":16,"section":"best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management","type":"conclusion","title":"Teams encouraged to set a low intervention threshold to catch distress before escalation","quote":"Teams are encouraged to establish a low threshold for intervention and support. This will position the team to more comprehensively address a continuum of behaviors and identify students in distress before their behavior escalates to the point of harm to themselves or those around them.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management-btam","concerning-and-prohibited-behaviors"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Step 2 para","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":16,"rects":[[0.14705,0.18317,0.71313,0.01532],[0.14705,0.20211,0.67966,0.01532],[0.14705,0.22106,0.71435,0.01532],[0.14705,0.24,0.44986,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p016-02","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p016-02","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 16). Claim p016-02, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p016-02","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 16). Claim p016-02, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p016-02\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p016-02</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p016-02","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p016-03","page":16,"section":"best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management","type":"statement","title":"Students may show concern-prompting behaviors in varied ways, so others need a reporting method","quote":"Students may display behaviors that prompt concern from those around them (e.g., classmates, friends, teachers, and family) in various ways, such as observable risky behavior; concerning or threatening statements made in person, online, or in text messages; or submitting assignments with bizarre or unusual content or statements. When behaviors prompt concern, those around the student need a method for reporting and sharing their concerns.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["bystander-reporting-mechanisms","concerning-and-prohibited-behaviors"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Step 3 para","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":16,"rects":[[0.14706,0.33845,0.69628,0.01532],[0.14706,0.3574,0.73264,0.01532],[0.14706,0.37634,0.70671,0.01532],[0.14706,0.39528,0.70275,0.01532],[0.14706,0.41423,0.70389,0.01532],[0.14706,0.43317,0.43106,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p016-03","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p016-03","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 16). Claim p016-03, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p016-03","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 16). Claim p016-03, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p016-03\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p016-03</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p016-03","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p016-04","page":16,"section":"best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management","type":"conclusion","title":"Schools should encourage bystanders to report prohibited and concerning behaviors","quote":"Schools and districts should encourage bystanders (e.g., students, staff) to report prohibited and concerning behaviors that may indicate a safety risk or that a student is in need of resources or supports.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["bystander-reporting-mechanisms"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Step 3 para","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":16,"rects":[[0.14706,0.47231,0.72612,0.01532],[0.14706,0.49126,0.6825,0.01532],[0.14706,0.5102,0.38124,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p016-04","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p016-04","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 16). Claim p016-04, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p016-04","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 16). Claim p016-04, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p016-04\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p016-04</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p016-04","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p016-05","page":16,"section":"best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management","type":"conclusion","title":"Offering multiple reporting methods can reduce barriers and make reporting accessible and safe","quote":"By offering multiple reporting methods (e.g., email or online form, text or mobile application, phone number, trusted adult) BTAM teams can reduce or remove barriers to reporting and make it accessible and safe for the community.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["bystander-reporting-mechanisms"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Step 3 para","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":16,"rects":[[0.14706,0.54934,0.71661,0.01532],[0.14706,0.56828,0.68747,0.01532],[0.14706,0.58723,0.63852,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p016-05","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p016-05","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 16). Claim p016-05, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p016-05","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 16). Claim p016-05, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p016-05\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p016-05</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p016-05","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p016-06","page":16,"section":"best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management","type":"evidence","title":"CISA and Secret Service 2023 toolkit offers guidance on central reporting systems","quote":"For strategies and guidance on creating and enhancing a central reporting system, see Improving School Safety Through Bystander Reporting: A Toolkit for Strengthening K-12 Reporting Programs (Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency & U.S. Secret Service, 2023).","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["bystander-reporting-mechanisms"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"callout: Reporting toolkit callout","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"clauses(2/3)","page":16,"rects":[[0.11766,0.62384,0.66291,0.01532],[0.11766,0.64278,0.06244,0.01532],[0.18989,0.64277,0.52219,0.01539]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p016-06","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p016-06","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 16). Claim p016-06, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p016-06","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 16). Claim p016-06, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p016-06\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p016-06</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p016-06","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p016-07","page":16,"section":"best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management","type":"conjecture","title":"BTAM teams can likely handle most concerns, but severe ones may need law enforcement","quote":"While a multidisciplinary BTAM team can likely handle most reported incidents and concerning behaviors with school-based or community resources, some situations may necessitate law enforcement intervention due to the severity of the concern.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["law-enforcement-intervention-and-school-resource-officers"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Step 4 para","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":16,"rects":[[0.14706,0.77848,0.69939,0.01532],[0.14706,0.79742,0.67849,0.01532],[0.14706,0.81636,0.69761,0.01532],[0.14706,0.83531,0.10603,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p016-07","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p016-07","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 16). Claim p016-07, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p016-07","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 16). Claim p016-07, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p016-07\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p016-07</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p016-07","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p016-08","page":16,"section":"best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management","type":"conclusion","title":"Reports involving weapons or imminent safety risks should go immediately to police","quote":"Reports involving weapons and/or imminent/immediate safety risks (e.g., presence of a weapon, threats of serious violence) should be immediately relayed to local law enforcement.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["law-enforcement-intervention-and-school-resource-officers"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Step 4 para","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":16,"rects":[[0.14706,0.87445,0.65214,0.01532],[0.14706,0.89339,0.72542,0.01532],[0.14706,0.91234,0.22009,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p016-08","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p016-08","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 16). Claim p016-08, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p016-08","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 16). Claim p016-08, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p016-08\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p016-08</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p016-08","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p017-01","page":17,"section":"best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management","type":"conclusion","title":"Teams encouraged to set guidelines for when to request local law enforcement support","quote":"„ Teams are encouraged to consider when they will request local law enforcement support to assist with assessing or gathering information and establish relevant guidelines for that process.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["law-enforcement-intervention-and-school-resource-officers"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Step 4 para","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":17,"rects":[[0.18791,0.09224,0.5955,0.01532],[0.18791,0.11118,0.66406,0.01532],[0.18791,0.13013,0.39725,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p017-01","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p017-01","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 17). Claim p017-01, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p017-01","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 17). Claim p017-01, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p017-01\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p017-01</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p017-01","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p017-02","page":17,"section":"best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management","type":"statement","title":"Factors that may shape decisions to involve police, such as safety and district policy","quote":"Considerations may include safety concerns for students or family members, student health and wellness, existing district policies and resources, and actions beyond the legal scope of the district.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["law-enforcement-intervention-and-school-resource-officers"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Step 4 para","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":17,"rects":[[0.59496,0.13013,0.24586,0.01532],[0.18791,0.14907,0.68749,0.01532],[0.18791,0.16802,0.68875,0.01532],[0.18791,0.18696,0.09659,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p017-02","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p017-02","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 17). Claim p017-02, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p017-02","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 17). Claim p017-02, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p017-02\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p017-02</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p017-02","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p017-03","page":17,"section":"best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management","type":"statement","title":"Law enforcement may aid assessment via welfare checks, parent contact, weapons checks","quote":"Depending on the situation, local law enforcement may support the team’s assessment of the concerning behavior by partnering with a social worker to conduct a welfare check at the student’s home, speaking with a student’s parent or guardian, checking for the presence of weapons and safe storage in the home, or other law enforcement actions which help the team better understand the context surrounding the student’s concerning behaviors and the risk of harm the student may pose to themselves or others.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["assessment-and-information-gathering","law-enforcement-intervention-and-school-resource-officers"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Step 4 para","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":17,"rects":[[0.29429,0.18696,0.56741,0.01532],[0.18791,0.20591,0.68864,0.01532],[0.18791,0.22485,0.65685,0.01532],[0.18791,0.24379,0.64145,0.01532],[0.18791,0.26274,0.66229,0.01532],[0.18791,0.28168,0.65784,0.01532],[0.18791,0.30063,0.68672,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p017-03","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p017-03","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 17). Claim p017-03, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p017-03","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 17). Claim p017-03, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p017-03\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p017-03</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p017-03","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p017-04","page":17,"section":"best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management","type":"conclusion","title":"Assessment procedures should clarify student's circumstances and evaluate possible harm factors","quote":"The assessment process and procedures that a multidisciplinary threat assessment team implements should help form a more accurate understanding of the student’s thinking, behavior, and circumstances in school, at home, and in the community. The goal is to evaluate the presence of factors that may indicate the possibility of harm to self or other members of the school community.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["assessment-and-information-gathering","ntac-eight-step-threat-assessment-model"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Step 5 para 1","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":17,"rects":[[0.14706,0.3738,0.73566,0.01532],[0.14706,0.39275,0.65293,0.01532],[0.14706,0.41169,0.68728,0.01532],[0.14706,0.43064,0.71537,0.01532],[0.14706,0.44958,0.61923,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p017-04","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p017-04","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 17). Claim p017-04, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p017-04","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 17). Claim p017-04, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p017-04\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p017-04</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p017-04","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p017-05","page":17,"section":"best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management","type":"conclusion","title":"Teams should gather information from varied sources to better match supports to needs","quote":"Teams should establish protocols to gather information from a variety of sources (e.g., the student of concern, classmates, friends, family, disciplinary history, academic assignments, school records, and previous interventions) to ensure they are identifying any relevant concerning behaviors and accurately assessing the student’s risk and needs. This will better position the team to provide more appropriate resources, supports, and interventions.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["assessment-and-information-gathering"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Step 5 para 1","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":17,"rects":[[0.14706,0.48872,0.71835,0.01532],[0.14706,0.50767,0.67178,0.01532],[0.14706,0.52661,0.6844,0.01532],[0.14706,0.54555,0.70984,0.01532],[0.14706,0.5645,0.70149,0.01532],[0.14706,0.58344,0.44922,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p017-05","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p017-05","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 17). Claim p017-05, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p017-05","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 17). Claim p017-05, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p017-05\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p017-05</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p017-05","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p017-06","page":17,"section":"best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management","type":"conclusion","title":"Concerning behavior should be judged in light of age, development and disability status","quote":"To ensure accurate assessment, teams should evaluate a student’s concerning behaviors in the context of their age, social and emotional development, and disability status.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["assessment-and-information-gathering","students-with-disabilities-in-btam"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Step 5 para 2","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":17,"rects":[[0.14706,0.62258,0.6912,0.01532],[0.14706,0.64153,0.68282,0.01532],[0.14706,0.66047,0.13913,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p017-06","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p017-06","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 17). Claim p017-06, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p017-06","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 17). Claim p017-06, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p017-06\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p017-06</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p017-06","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p017-07","page":17,"section":"best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management","type":"conclusion","title":"Teams should organize information gathering around themes such as bullying and stressors","quote":"To more comprehensively assess concerning behavior, teams should organize their information gathering around themes such as bullying and harassment; mental health and substance abuse; concerning communications; stressors; recent downward progressions in behavior, mood, or social activity; home life factors (e.g., ACEs, present living situation); academic performance; school disciplinary history; inappropriate interest in concerning topics (e.g., past school attacks or mass attackers); weapons use and interest in violence; previous contact with law enforcement; social networks; recent losses or loss of status (e.g., shame, humiliation, loss of significant relationship); and motivation for behavior.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["assessment-and-information-gathering","bullying-and-harassment-prevention"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Step 5 para 2","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":17,"rects":[[0.14706,0.69961,0.68796,0.01532],[0.14706,0.71855,0.67979,0.01532],[0.14706,0.7375,0.73174,0.01532],[0.14706,0.75644,0.69346,0.01532],[0.14706,0.77539,0.70684,0.01532],[0.14706,0.79433,0.69975,0.01532],[0.14706,0.81328,0.68079,0.01532],[0.14706,0.83222,0.68491,0.01532],[0.14706,0.85117,0.63837,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p017-07","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p017-07","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 17). Claim p017-07, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p017-07","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 17). Claim p017-07, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p017-07\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p017-07</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p017-07","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p018-01","page":18,"section":"best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management","type":"conclusion","title":"Assessment should consider home, school, community and virtual settings to understand context","quote":"Additionally, assessment considerations should include home, school, community, and virtual settings to understand the context in which the student is operating and illuminate behavior indicative of social, emotional, and/or psychological distress as a response to the environment.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["assessment-and-information-gathering"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Step 5 para","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":18,"rects":[[0.14706,0.09224,0.72497,0.01532],[0.14706,0.11118,0.7068,0.01532],[0.14706,0.13013,0.67525,0.01532],[0.14706,0.14907,0.37058,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p018-01","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p018-01","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 18). Claim p018-01, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p018-01","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 18). Claim p018-01, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p018-01\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p018-01</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p018-01","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p018-02","page":18,"section":"best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management","type":"statement","title":"After assessment, teams can use gathered information to build individualized risk-reducing plans","quote":"Once the team has completed its thorough assessment, it can use the information gathered to develop individualized plans to provide appropriate, student-focused interventions, resources, and supports designed to manage and reduce any risk of harm.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["individualized-support-and-management-plans","ntac-eight-step-threat-assessment-model"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Step 6 para 1","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":18,"rects":[[0.14706,0.24754,0.72885,0.01532],[0.14706,0.26649,0.72511,0.01532],[0.14706,0.28543,0.7064,0.01532],[0.14706,0.30438,0.06945,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p018-02","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p018-02","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 18). Claim p018-02, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p018-02","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 18). Claim p018-02, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p018-02\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p018-02</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p018-02","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p018-03","page":18,"section":"best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management","type":"conclusion","title":"Any student assessed as posing risk of harm should receive a tailored support and management plan","quote":"Any student assessed by the multidisciplinary team as posing a risk of harm to themselves or others should receive an individualized support and management plan tailored to their unique behaviors, needs, strengths, and stressors designed to increase the likelihood of positive outcomes.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["individualized-support-and-management-plans"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Step 6 para 1","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":18,"rects":[[0.14706,0.34351,0.6991,0.01532],[0.14706,0.36246,0.71259,0.01532],[0.14706,0.3814,0.71183,0.01532],[0.14706,0.40035,0.4151,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p018-03","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p018-03","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 18). Claim p018-03, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p018-03","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 18). Claim p018-03, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p018-03\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p018-03</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p018-03","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p018-04","page":18,"section":"best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management","type":"conclusion","title":"If behaviors hinder academic or functional performance, team should weigh special ed referral","quote":"If data collected during the assessment indicate that behaviors are interfering with a student’s academic or functional performance the team should consider if a referral for special education evaluation is appropriate.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["iep-team-coordination","students-with-disabilities-in-btam"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Step 6 para 1","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":18,"rects":[[0.57196,0.40035,0.24193,0.01532],[0.14706,0.41929,0.70541,0.01532],[0.14706,0.43824,0.73367,0.01532],[0.14706,0.45718,0.22079,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p018-04","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p018-04","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 18). Claim p018-04, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p018-04","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 18). Claim p018-04, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p018-04\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p018-04</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p018-04","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p018-05","page":18,"section":"best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management","type":"conclusion","title":"BTAM teams should consider four guiding principles for support and management when making plans","quote":"BTAM teams should consider the four guiding principles for support and management (see Figure 1 on page 12) when establishing plans. This includes adopting a prevention mindset and establishing plans that: „ Address factors of concern and promote positive factors, „ Redirect possible motivations for violence, „ Create an environment in which violence is less likely, and „ Leverage collaboration with the student, their family, school staff, and community partners who can contribute to the student’s success.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["community-resources-and-partnerships","individualized-support-and-management-plans"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Step 6 para 2","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":18,"rects":[[0.14706,0.49632,0.64385,0.01532],[0.14706,0.51526,0.68627,0.01532],[0.14706,0.53421,0.52343,0.01532],[0.1683,0.57077,0.52819,0.01532],[0.1683,0.60234,0.39796,0.01532],[0.1683,0.63391,0.53136,0.01532],[0.1683,0.66547,0.63922,0.01532],[0.18791,0.68442,0.57802,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p018-05","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p018-05","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 18). Claim p018-05, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p018-05","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 18). Claim p018-05, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p018-05\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p018-05</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p018-05","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p018-06","page":18,"section":"best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management","type":"conclusion","title":"Applying the principles helps fully address context behind student behaviors and stressors","quote":"This will help fully address the contextual factors contributing to the student’s behaviors, needs, or stressors.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["individualized-support-and-management-plans"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Step 6 para 2","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":18,"rects":[[0.77572,0.68442,0.03613,0.01532],[0.18791,0.70336,0.65217,0.01532],[0.18791,0.7223,0.26304,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p018-06","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p018-06","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 18). Claim p018-06, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p018-06","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 18). Claim p018-06, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p018-06\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p018-06</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p018-06","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p018-07","page":18,"section":"best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management","type":"conjecture","title":"Involving the student in support planning can enhance buy-in and engagement","quote":"Inviting the student to actively participate in the support planning process can enhance buy-in and engagement.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["individualized-support-and-management-plans"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Step 6 para 3","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":18,"rects":[[0.46075,0.7223,0.39519,0.01532],[0.18791,0.74125,0.59712,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p018-07","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p018-07","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 18). Claim p018-07, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p018-07","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 18). Claim p018-07, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p018-07\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p018-07</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p018-07","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p018-08","page":18,"section":"best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management","type":"conclusion","title":"Plans should prioritize belonging and minimize exclusion where possible, given exclusion's harms","quote":"Given the risks and adverse outcomes associated with exclusionary discipline, support and management plans should prioritize interventions that promote or restore connection and belonging and minimize a student’s time excluded from the learning environment, if possible.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["exclusionary-discipline-and-zero-tolerance","individualized-support-and-management-plans"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Step 6 para 3","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":18,"rects":[[0.14705,0.77535,0.69111,0.01532],[0.14705,0.79429,0.70369,0.01532],[0.14705,0.81323,0.7057,0.01532],[0.14705,0.83218,0.32369,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p018-08","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p018-08","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 18). Claim p018-08, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p018-08","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 18). Claim p018-08, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p018-08\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p018-08</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p018-08","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p018-09","page":18,"section":"best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management","type":"conclusion","title":"Teams should meet regularly to monitor plan implementation and student progress","quote":"Teams should meet regularly to monitor the plan’s implementation and the student’s level of progress and success.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["individualized-support-and-management-plans"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Step 6 para 3","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":18,"rects":[[0.14705,0.87132,0.66531,0.01532],[0.14705,0.89026,0.34594,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p018-09","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p018-09","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 18). Claim p018-09, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p018-09","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 18). Claim p018-09, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p018-09\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p018-09</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p018-09","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p019-01","page":19,"section":"best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management","type":"conclusion","title":"Schools should maintain safe, respectful climates and clearly specify expected behaviors","quote":"Schools should actively maintain positive school climates featuring safe, respectful, and trusting cultures that support students’ social and emotional well-being, while clearly specifying expected school behaviors needed to maintain an effective learning environment.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["ntac-eight-step-threat-assessment-model","positive-school-climate"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Step 7 para","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":19,"rects":[[0.14706,0.15056,0.64101,0.01532],[0.14706,0.1695,0.72407,0.01532],[0.14706,0.18845,0.71699,0.01532],[0.14706,0.20739,0.2721,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p019-01","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p019-01","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 19). Claim p019-01, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p019-01","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 19). Claim p019-01, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p019-01\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p019-01</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p019-01","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p019-02","page":19,"section":"best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management","type":"conclusion","title":"All staff should encourage adult-student communication, intervene in conflicts, confront bullying","quote":"All school staff should encourage communication between adults and students, intervene in social conflicts, and actively confront bullying behavior.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["bullying-and-harassment-prevention","positive-school-climate"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Step 7 para","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":19,"rects":[[0.14706,0.24653,0.70797,0.01532],[0.14706,0.26548,0.59917,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p019-02","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p019-02","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 19). Claim p019-02, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p019-02","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 19). Claim p019-02, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p019-02\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p019-02</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p019-02","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p019-03","page":19,"section":"best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management","type":"conclusion","title":"Supporting teacher-student trust will empower students to share concerning behavior they see","quote":"Schools should encourage and support teachers in building positive, trusting relationships with students and work to create an environment where students feel seen, heard, connected, and cared for. This will empower students to share concerning behavior when they observe it.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["bystander-reporting-mechanisms","positive-school-climate"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Step 7 para","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":19,"rects":[[0.14706,0.30461,0.68293,0.01532],[0.14706,0.32356,0.69979,0.01532],[0.14706,0.3425,0.70153,0.01532],[0.14706,0.36145,0.37468,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p019-03","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p019-03","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 19). Claim p019-03, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p019-03","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 19). Claim p019-03, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p019-03\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p019-03</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p019-03","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p020-01","page":20,"section":"best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management","type":"statement","title":"Step 8 of the BTAM best practices is providing training for all stakeholders","quote":"STEP 8: PROVIDE TRAINING FOR ALL STAKEHOLDERS","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["ntac-eight-step-threat-assessment-model","professional-development-and-training"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"heading: Step 8 heading","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":20,"rects":[[0.11788,0.52522,0.75078,0.01953]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p020-01","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p020-01","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 20). Claim p020-01, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p020-01","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 20). Claim p020-01, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p020-01\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p020-01</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p020-01","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p020-02","page":20,"section":"best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management","type":"statement","title":"School safety and prevention are described as everyone's responsibility","quote":"School safety is everyone’s responsibility. Everyone has a role to play in prevention.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["professional-development-and-training"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Step 8 para 1","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":20,"rects":[[0.14706,0.56445,0.63377,0.01532],[0.14706,0.58339,0.09541,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p020-02","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p020-02","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 20). Claim p020-02, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p020-02","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 20). Claim p020-02, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p020-02\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p020-02</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p020-02","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p020-03","page":20,"section":"best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management","type":"conclusion","title":"BTAM teams should identify training needs of all prevention partners, from staff to police","quote":"BTAM teams should identify the training needs of all prevention partners, including faculty, staff, administrators, students, parents/guardians, school resource officers, and community-based partners such as local law enforcement.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["ntac-eight-step-threat-assessment-model","professional-development-and-training"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Step 8 para 1","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":20,"rects":[[0.14706,0.62253,0.73732,0.01532],[0.14706,0.64148,0.73092,0.01532],[0.14706,0.66042,0.55348,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p020-03","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p020-03","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 20). Claim p020-03, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p020-03","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 20). Claim p020-03, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p020-03\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p020-03</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p020-03","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p020-04","page":20,"section":"best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management","type":"conclusion","title":"Train potential observers on what and how to report, and assessors to assess and intervene","quote":"Anyone who may observe concerning behavior or notice concerning communications should be trained in what to report and how, and those involved in the assessment process should receive training to prepare them for success in identifying, assessing, and intervening when concerns arise.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["bystander-reporting-mechanisms","professional-development-and-training"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Step 8 para 1","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":20,"rects":[[0.14706,0.69956,0.60938,0.01532],[0.14706,0.7185,0.72229,0.01532],[0.14706,0.73745,0.71523,0.01532],[0.14706,0.75639,0.52515,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p020-04","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p020-04","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 20). Claim p020-04, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p020-04","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 20). Claim p020-04, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p020-04\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p020-04</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p020-04","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p020-05","page":20,"section":"best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management","type":"conclusion","title":"Teams encouraged to tailor training to audiences, covering BTAM goals, steps and reporting","quote":"Teams are encouraged to provide training tailored to the audience’s unique needs that address the goals and purpose of the behavioral threat assessment approach, the steps and processes involved, the type of information that should be brought forward, and how individuals can report their concerns.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["professional-development-and-training"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Step 8 para 1","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":20,"rects":[[0.14706,0.79553,0.72711,0.01532],[0.14706,0.81448,0.733,0.01532],[0.14706,0.83342,0.72217,0.01532],[0.14706,0.85236,0.48671,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p020-05","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p020-05","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 20). Claim p020-05, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p020-05","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 20). Claim p020-05, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p020-05\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p020-05</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p020-05","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p020-06","page":20,"section":"best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management","type":"evidence","title":"NTAC's 2018 guide Enhancing School Safety offers more detail on the eight best practices","quote":"For more information on these eight best practices, see Enhancing School Safety Using a Threat Assessment Model (National Threat Assessment Center, 2018).","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["ntac-eight-step-threat-assessment-model"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Step 8 note","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"clauses(1/2)","page":20,"rects":[[0.11766,0.88898,0.45416,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p020-06","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p020-06","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 20). Claim p020-06, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p020-06","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 20). Claim p020-06, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p020-06\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p020-06</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management#p020-06","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p021-01","page":21,"section":"what-is-the-pbis-framework","type":"definition","title":"PBIS is a powerful application of the MTSS framework in educational settings","quote":"Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports (PBIS) represents a powerful application of the multi-tiered system of support (MTSS) framework in educational settings.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["multi-tiered-system-of-support-mtss","positive-behavioral-interventions-and-supports-pbis"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: PBIS section para 1","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":21,"rects":[[0.11765,0.6186,0.75115,0.01655],[0.11765,0.6388,0.69262,0.01655],[0.11765,0.65899,0.19996,0.01655]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p021-01","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-the-pbis-framework#p021-01","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 21). Claim p021-01, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p021-01","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 21). Claim p021-01, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p021-01\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p021-01</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-the-pbis-framework#p021-01","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p021-02","page":21,"section":"what-is-the-pbis-framework","type":"definition","title":"PBIS is a public health approach promoting safe, predictable learning environments for all","quote":"As a comprehensive public health approach, PBIS promotes safe, positive, predictable, and effective learning environments that include and benefit all students.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["positive-behavioral-interventions-and-supports-pbis"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: PBIS section para 1","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":21,"rects":[[0.32876,0.65899,0.48844,0.01655],[0.11765,0.67919,0.76489,0.01655],[0.11765,0.69939,0.30955,0.01655]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p021-02","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-the-pbis-framework#p021-02","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 21). Claim p021-02, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p021-02","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 21). Claim p021-02, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p021-02\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p021-02</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-the-pbis-framework#p021-02","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p021-03","page":21,"section":"what-is-the-pbis-framework","type":"evidence","title":"Fidelity PBIS brings significant gains in behavior, well-being, attendance, academics; less bullying","quote":"Recent research demonstrates that when schools implement PBIS with fidelity, they see significant improvements in behavior, well-being, attendance, and academic performance, while experiencing reductions in harassment, bullying, and disciplinary actions that exclude students from learning opportunities (Santiago-Rosario et al., 2023).","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["implementation-fidelity-and-effectiveness-evidence","positive-behavioral-interventions-and-supports-pbis"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: PBIS section para 1","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":21,"rects":[[0.43835,0.69939,0.40372,0.01655],[0.11765,0.71958,0.70782,0.01655],[0.11765,0.73978,0.68836,0.01655],[0.11765,0.75998,0.76021,0.01655],[0.11765,0.78017,0.74435,0.01655]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p021-03","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-the-pbis-framework#p021-03","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 21). Claim p021-03, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p021-03","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 21). Claim p021-03, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p021-03\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p021-03</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-the-pbis-framework#p021-03","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p021-04","page":21,"section":"what-is-the-pbis-framework","type":"statement","title":"PBIS implementation prioritizes equitable practices, data and systems for all students","quote":"PBIS implementation prioritizes equitable practices, data, and systems to enhance meaningful outcomes for all students.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["equitable-implementation-and-disparities","positive-behavioral-interventions-and-supports-pbis"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: PBIS section para 2","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":21,"rects":[[0.11765,0.81604,0.73456,0.01825],[0.11765,0.83652,0.331,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p021-04","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-the-pbis-framework#p021-04","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 21). Claim p021-04, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p021-04","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 21). Claim p021-04, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p021-04\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p021-04</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-the-pbis-framework#p021-04","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p021-05","page":21,"section":"what-is-the-pbis-framework","type":"definition","title":"Equitable implementation lets every student access safe environments and full opportunities","quote":"Equitable implementation intentionally uses practices, data, and systems to allow each and every student, in all types of schools, to (a) access high-quality safe and affirming learning environments, (b) engage in a full range of educational opportunities, (c) access effective supports based on their","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["equitable-implementation-and-disparities"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: PBIS section para 2","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":21,"rects":[[0.45845,0.83652,0.39046,0.01532],[0.11765,0.85546,0.74704,0.01532],[0.11765,0.87441,0.74255,0.01532],[0.11765,0.89335,0.74166,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p021-05","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-the-pbis-framework#p021-05","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 21). Claim p021-05, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p021-05","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 21). Claim p021-05, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p021-05\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p021-05</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-the-pbis-framework#p021-05","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p022-01","page":22,"section":"what-is-the-pbis-framework","type":"definition","title":"Equitable PBIS implementation lets every student experience benefit and valued outcomes","quote":"strengths and needs, and (d) experience benefit, valued outcomes, and educational excellence.","tag":"I","reason":"The sentence crosses a page break: this quote is the page 22 part and the sentence begins on page 21 (claim p021-05). Full sentence (pages 21–22): “Equitable implementation intentionally uses practices, data, and systems to allow each and every student, in all types of schools, to (a) access high-quality safe and affirming learning environments, (b) engage in a full range of educational opportunities, (c) access effective supports based on their strengths and needs, and (d) experience benefit, valued outcomes, and educational excellence.”","concepts":["equitable-implementation-and-disparities","positive-behavioral-interventions-and-supports-pbis"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Body para 1","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":22,"rects":[[0.11765,0.09224,0.74265,0.01532],[0.11765,0.11118,0.09222,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p022-01","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-the-pbis-framework#p022-01","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 22). Claim p022-01, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p022-01","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 22). Claim p022-01, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p022-01\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p022-01</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-the-pbis-framework#p022-01","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p022-02","page":22,"section":"what-is-the-pbis-framework","type":"conclusion","title":"PBIS outcomes should be locally meaningful, collaboratively defined and aligned to needs","quote":"Although identified outcomes frequently include improvements in school climate and/or students’ SEB or academic performance, outcomes should always be locally meaningful, collaboratively defined, and aligned with specific strengths and needs within the school.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["positive-behavioral-interventions-and-supports-pbis"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Body para 1","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":22,"rects":[[0.21949,0.11118,0.65023,0.01532],[0.11765,0.13013,0.74929,0.01532],[0.11765,0.14907,0.73433,0.01532],[0.11765,0.16802,0.21096,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p022-02","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-the-pbis-framework#p022-02","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 22). Claim p022-02, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p022-02","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 22). Claim p022-02, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p022-02\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p022-02</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-the-pbis-framework#p022-02","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p022-03","page":22,"section":"what-is-the-pbis-framework","type":"statement","title":"Clear outcomes guide selection of practices, data use and systems in PBIS","quote":"The clear identification of outcomes guides teams in the selection of practices, the use of data for decision-making, and the development of systems within the PBIS framework.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["positive-behavioral-interventions-and-supports-pbis"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Body para 1","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":22,"rects":[[0.3384,0.16802,0.50087,0.01532],[0.11765,0.18696,0.74021,0.01532],[0.11765,0.20591,0.31324,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p022-03","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-the-pbis-framework#p022-03","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 22). Claim p022-03, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p022-03","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 22). Claim p022-03, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p022-03\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p022-03</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-the-pbis-framework#p022-03","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p022-04","page":22,"section":"what-is-the-pbis-framework","type":"definition","title":"PBIS practices are evidence-based supports organized within a continuum","quote":"Practices are the evidence-based supports and interventions provided to students to address valued outcomes and goals. 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Claim p022-04, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p022-04","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 22). Claim p022-04, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p022-04\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p022-04</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-the-pbis-framework#p022-04","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p022-05","page":22,"section":"what-is-the-pbis-framework","type":"definition","title":"Tier 1 practices serve all students to support SEB needs and belonging","quote":"Universal, or Tier 1, practices are provided to all students to proactively support student SEB needs and to proactively promote connection and belonging.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["tier-1-universal-prevention"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Body para 2","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":22,"rects":[[0.29794,0.27978,0.52587,0.01532],[0.11765,0.29873,0.74143,0.01532],[0.11765,0.31767,0.08965,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p022-05","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-the-pbis-framework#p022-05","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 22). Claim p022-05, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p022-05","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 22). Claim p022-05, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p022-05\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p022-05</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-the-pbis-framework#p022-05","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p022-06","page":22,"section":"what-is-the-pbis-framework","type":"definition","title":"Tier 2 practices go to small groups identified as needing supplemental support","quote":"Targeted, or Tier 2, practices are provided to small groups of students who are identified as needing supplemental support.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["tier-2-targeted-intervention"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Body para 2","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":22,"rects":[[0.2171,0.31767,0.66454,0.01532],[0.11765,0.33661,0.42106,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p022-06","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-the-pbis-framework#p022-06","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 22). Claim p022-06, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p022-06","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 22). Claim p022-06, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p022-06\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p022-06</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-the-pbis-framework#p022-06","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p022-07","page":22,"section":"what-is-the-pbis-framework","type":"definition","title":"Tier 3 practices are intensive, individualized support beyond Tiers 1 and 2","quote":"Individualized, or Tier 3, practices are intensive and individualized to support students who need support beyond what is offered in Tiers 1 and 2.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["tier-3-individualized-intensive-intervention"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Body para 2","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":22,"rects":[[0.5485,0.33661,0.33174,0.01532],[0.11765,0.35556,0.73728,0.01532],[0.11765,0.3745,0.20077,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p022-07","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-the-pbis-framework#p022-07","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 22). Claim p022-07, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p022-07","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 22). Claim p022-07, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p022-07\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p022-07</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-the-pbis-framework#p022-07","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p022-08","page":22,"section":"what-is-the-pbis-framework","type":"statement","title":"PBIS leadership teams use multiple data sources to assess needs and select practices","quote":"Data guide decision-making and all aspects of implementation. 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(2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 22). Claim p022-08, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p022-08","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 22). Claim p022-08, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p022-08\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p022-08</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-the-pbis-framework#p022-08","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p022-09","page":22,"section":"what-is-the-pbis-framework","type":"statement","title":"Teams assess fidelity and outcomes, then adjust supports to improve effectiveness","quote":"Teams then assess the implementation fidelity and student outcomes associated with selected practices and adjust implementation supports and intensity to improve effectiveness for each and every student.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["data-based-decision-making"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Body para 3","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":22,"rects":[[0.21541,0.78929,0.61601,0.01532],[0.11765,0.80824,0.75389,0.01532],[0.11765,0.82718,0.4632,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p022-09","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-the-pbis-framework#p022-09","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 22). Claim p022-09, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p022-09","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 22). Claim p022-09, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p022-09\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p022-09</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-the-pbis-framework#p022-09","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p022-10","page":22,"section":"what-is-the-pbis-framework","type":"definition","title":"PBIS systems are the infrastructure supporting implementation and sustainability","quote":"Systems, in PBIS, represent the infrastructure that supports implementation and sustainability.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["positive-behavioral-interventions-and-supports-pbis"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Body para 4","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":22,"rects":[[0.11765,0.86164,0.71235,0.01825],[0.11765,0.88211,0.11667,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p022-10","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-the-pbis-framework#p022-10","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 22). Claim p022-10, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p022-10","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 22). Claim p022-10, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p022-10\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p022-10</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-the-pbis-framework#p022-10","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p022-11","page":22,"section":"what-is-the-pbis-framework","type":"statement","title":"Example PBIS systems include communication plans, training and coaching for educators","quote":"Example systems include communication plans, training, and coaching supports to ensure all educators have the support they need to implement selected","tag":"I","reason":"The sentence crosses a page break: this quote is the page 22 part and the sentence continues on page 23. 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Claim p022-11, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p022-11","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 22). Claim p022-11, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p022-11\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p022-11</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-the-pbis-framework#p022-11","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p023-01","page":23,"section":"what-is-the-pbis-framework","type":"statement","title":"PBIS systems also include action planning, consistency procedures and stakeholder engagement","quote":"They also include action planning routines; procedures to ensure selected practices and data are used consistently and effectively; and procedures for ensuring the active engagement of students, staff, and families in all elements of implementation.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["positive-behavioral-interventions-and-supports-pbis"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Body para 1","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":23,"rects":[[0.30486,0.09224,0.57403,0.01532],[0.11765,0.11118,0.72461,0.01532],[0.11765,0.13013,0.74584,0.01532],[0.11765,0.14907,0.14027,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p023-01","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-the-pbis-framework#p023-01","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 23). Claim p023-01, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p023-01","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 23). Claim p023-01, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p023-01\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p023-01</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-the-pbis-framework#p023-01","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p023-02","page":23,"section":"what-is-the-pbis-framework","type":"statement","title":"PBIS practices, data and systems span a three-tier continuum from universal to individualized","quote":"Practices, data, and systems are implemented across a continuum of prevention and support from universal (Tier 1), to targeted (Tier 2), to individualized (Tier 3; see Figure 2).","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["multi-tiered-system-of-support-mtss","positive-behavioral-interventions-and-supports-pbis"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Body para 1","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":23,"rects":[[0.11765,0.18353,0.71345,0.01825],[0.11765,0.204,0.71321,0.01532],[0.11765,0.22295,0.10883,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p023-02","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-the-pbis-framework#p023-02","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 23). Claim p023-02, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p023-02","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 23). Claim p023-02, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p023-02\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p023-02</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-the-pbis-framework#p023-02","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p023-03","page":23,"section":"what-is-the-pbis-framework","type":"conclusion","title":"Precision in using systems and data must rise as intensity of student need rises","quote":"As the intensity of need increases, the precision with which systems and data are used to support implementation must also increase.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["data-based-decision-making","multi-tiered-system-of-support-mtss"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Body para 1","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":23,"rects":[[0.24407,0.22295,0.60386,0.01532],[0.11765,0.24189,0.57487,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p023-03","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-the-pbis-framework#p023-03","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 23). Claim p023-03, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p023-03","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 23). Claim p023-03, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p023-03\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p023-03</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-the-pbis-framework#p023-03","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p023-04","page":23,"section":"what-is-the-pbis-framework","type":"statement","title":"Representative leadership teams across tiers guide PBIS, bringing a range of expertise","quote":"A representative leadership team guides PBIS implementation. 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Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 23). Claim p023-04, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p023-04","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 23). Claim p023-04, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p023-04\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p023-04</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-the-pbis-framework#p023-04","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p023-05","page":23,"section":"what-is-the-pbis-framework","type":"statement","title":"Effective teams set communication systems, roles and procedures to include all members","quote":"Effective teams develop clear communication systems, roles, and operating procedures to ensure all team members are fully included in decision-making processes.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["multidisciplinary-team-composition-and-teaming"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Body para 2","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":23,"rects":[[0.68979,0.31767,0.13808,0.01532],[0.11765,0.33661,0.72215,0.01532],[0.11765,0.35556,0.5847,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p023-05","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-the-pbis-framework#p023-05","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 23). Claim p023-05, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p023-05","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 23). Claim p023-05, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p023-05\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p023-05</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-the-pbis-framework#p023-05","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p023-06","page":23,"section":"what-is-the-pbis-framework","type":"statement","title":"Leadership teams implement PBIS so all community members can participate and belong","quote":"Leadership teams intentionally implement practices, data, and systems in a way that ensures all members of the school community can meaningfully participate, experience belonging and success, and achieve valued outcomes.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["equitable-implementation-and-disparities","positive-school-climate"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Body para 2","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":23,"rects":[[0.71215,0.35556,0.09853,0.01532],[0.11765,0.3745,0.71907,0.01532],[0.11765,0.39345,0.70256,0.01532],[0.11765,0.41239,0.47576,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p023-06","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-the-pbis-framework#p023-06","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 23). Claim p023-06, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p023-06","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 23). Claim p023-06, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p023-06\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p023-06</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-the-pbis-framework#p023-06","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p023-07","page":23,"section":"what-is-the-pbis-framework","type":"statement","title":"PBIS teams monitor individual success for all students and remove systemic barriers","quote":"Teams focus on both supporting and monitoring individual student success for all students and identifying and removing systemic barriers to access or achievement.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["equitable-implementation-and-disparities","positive-behavioral-interventions-and-supports-pbis"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Body para 2","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":23,"rects":[[0.60321,0.41239,0.18551,0.01532],[0.11765,0.43134,0.75635,0.01532],[0.11765,0.45028,0.51069,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p023-07","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-the-pbis-framework#p023-07","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 23). Claim p023-07, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p023-07","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 23). Claim p023-07, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p023-07\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p023-07</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-the-pbis-framework#p023-07","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p023-08","page":23,"section":"what-is-the-pbis-framework","type":"statement","title":"PBIS with fidelity uses data and family and community engagement to adjust implementation","quote":"When PBIS is implemented with fidelity, it includes active use of data to guide implementation and engagement with students, families, and community members to support the development of intervention components and to monitor and adjust implementation as needed.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["data-based-decision-making","positive-behavioral-interventions-and-supports-pbis"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Body para 3","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":23,"rects":[[0.63813,0.45028,0.24175,0.01532],[0.11765,0.46923,0.75022,0.01532],[0.11765,0.48817,0.71636,0.01532],[0.11765,0.50711,0.70335,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p023-08","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-the-pbis-framework#p023-08","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 23). Claim p023-08, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p023-08","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 23). Claim p023-08, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p023-08\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p023-08</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-the-pbis-framework#p023-08","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p023-09","page":23,"section":"what-is-the-pbis-framework","type":"statement","title":"Figure 2 shows practices, data and systems across preventative, targeted, individualized tiers","quote":"FIGURE 2 | SAMPLE PRACTICES, DATA, AND SYSTEMS WITHIN A TIERED SYSTEM OF DELIVERY INDIVIDUALIZED SUPPORT TARGETED SUPPORT PROACTIVE AND PREVENTATIVE SUPPORT","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["multi-tiered-system-of-support-mtss"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"figure: Figure 2","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"table row","page":23,"rects":[[0.11765,0.22295,0.73568,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p023-09","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-the-pbis-framework#p023-09","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 23). Claim p023-09, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p023-09","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 23). Claim p023-09, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p023-09\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p023-09</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-the-pbis-framework#p023-09","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p024-01","page":24,"section":"what-is-the-pbis-framework","type":"statement","title":"Tier 3 PBIS practices align with Tiers 1-2 and use individualized plans designed with families","quote":"Aligned with Tier 1 and 2 supports • Designed with student and family individualized instructional support plan","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["positive-behavioral-interventions-and-supports-pbis","tier-3-individualized-intensive-intervention"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"figure: Figure 2 (continued)","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":24,"rects":[[0.12557,0.23304,0.22069,0.01114],[0.1171,0.25193,0.18308,0.01114],[0.12557,0.26708,0.21661,0.01114],[0.12557,0.28223,0.0826,0.01114]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p024-01","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-the-pbis-framework#p024-01","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 24). Claim p024-01, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p024-01","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 24). Claim p024-01, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p024-01\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p024-01</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-the-pbis-framework#p024-01","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p024-02","page":24,"section":"what-is-the-pbis-framework","type":"statement","title":"Tier 3 data, including FBAs, inform individual supports and monitor plan implementation","quote":"Uses multiple sources of data including Functional Behavioral Assessments (FBA) to: • Inform individual supports • Monitor individual student plan implementation and impact and adjust plan as needed","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["data-based-decision-making","tier-3-individualized-intensive-intervention"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"figure: Figure 2 (continued)","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":24,"rects":[[0.38,0.23304,0.25395,0.01114],[0.38,0.24819,0.22813,0.01114],[0.38,0.26334,0.06047,0.01114],[0.38,0.29031,0.17892,0.01114],[0.38,0.30794,0.21,0.01114],[0.38847,0.32183,0.25056,0.01114],[0.38847,0.33572,0.09829,0.01114]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p024-02","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-the-pbis-framework#p024-02","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 24). Claim p024-02, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p024-02","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 24). Claim p024-02, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p024-02\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p024-02</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-the-pbis-framework#p024-02","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p024-03","page":24,"section":"what-is-the-pbis-framework","type":"statement","title":"Tier 3 systems support individualized plans and monitor screening, entry/exit and effectiveness","quote":"Organize and support educators’ awareness and implementation of individualized support plans • Monitor Tier 3 support needs and provide feedback to inform adjustments to Tiers 1 and 2 • Monitor screening, entry and exit criteria, and intervention effectiveness for all Tier 3 supports","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["data-based-decision-making","tier-3-individualized-intensive-intervention"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"figure: Figure 2 (continued)","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"clauses(2/3)","page":24,"rects":[[0.5123,0.35334,0.0898,0.01114],[0.38847,0.36723,0.04532,0.01114],[0.44092,0.36723,0.19486,0.01114],[0.38847,0.38112,0.13852,0.01114]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p024-03","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-the-pbis-framework#p024-03","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 24). Claim p024-03, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p024-03","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 24). Claim p024-03, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p024-03\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p024-03</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-the-pbis-framework#p024-03","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p024-04","page":24,"section":"what-is-the-pbis-framework","type":"statement","title":"Tier 2 practices align with Tier 1, teach targeted SEB skills with at least 5:1 feedback","quote":"Aligned with Tier 1 supports • Explicitly teach targeted SEB skills • Increase opportunities for practice with both positive and corrective instructional feedback using at least a 5:1","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["positive-behavioral-interventions-and-supports-pbis","tier-2-targeted-intervention"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"figure: Figure 2 (continued)","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":24,"rects":[[0.12558,0.44219,0.18072,0.01114],[0.11711,0.45982,0.23235,0.01114],[0.11711,0.47744,0.23226,0.01114],[0.12558,0.49133,0.21423,0.01114],[0.12558,0.50522,0.1995,0.01114],[0.12558,0.51911,0.06183,0.01114]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p024-04","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-the-pbis-framework#p024-04","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 24). Claim p024-04, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p024-04","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 24). Claim p024-04, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p024-04\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p024-04</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-the-pbis-framework#p024-04","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p024-05","page":24,"section":"what-is-the-pbis-framework","type":"statement","title":"Tier 2 data identify students who may benefit and set entry and exit criteria","quote":"Identify students who may benefit from Tier 2 supports • Establish and monitor entry and exit criteria for Tier 2 interventions","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["data-based-decision-making","tier-2-targeted-intervention"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"figure: Figure 2 (continued)","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":24,"rects":[[0.38849,0.46916,0.25673,0.01114],[0.38849,0.48305,0.09765,0.01114],[0.38002,0.50068,0.24363,0.01114],[0.38849,0.51457,0.19617,0.01114]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p024-05","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-the-pbis-framework#p024-05","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 24). Claim p024-05, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p024-05","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 24). Claim p024-05, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p024-05\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p024-05</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-the-pbis-framework#p024-05","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p024-06","page":24,"section":"what-is-the-pbis-framework","type":"statement","title":"Tier 2 systems support educators and monitor needs, performance and intervention effectiveness","quote":"Organizes and supports educators’ awareness and implementation of Tier 2 supports • Monitor Tier 2 support needs and provide feedback to inform adjustments to Tiers 1 and 3 • Monitor individual student and aggregate performance and adjust • Monitor intervention effectiveness for all Tier 2 supports","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["data-based-decision-making","tier-2-targeted-intervention"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"figure: Figure 2 (continued)","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":null,"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p024-06","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-the-pbis-framework#p024-06","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 24). Claim p024-06, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p024-06","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 24). Claim p024-06, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p024-06\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p024-06</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-the-pbis-framework#p024-06","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p024-07","page":24,"section":"what-is-the-pbis-framework","type":"statement","title":"Five Tier 1 practices, including belonging, codesigned expectations and SEB instruction","quote":"Prioritize connection and belonging • Codesign schoolwide and classroom-wide expectations • SEB skill instruction for all students • Structures to support a culture of acknowledgment and appreciation • Clearly defined instructional and supportive responses to student behaviors","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["positive-behavioral-interventions-and-supports-pbis","positive-school-climate","tier-1-universal-prevention"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"figure: Figure 2 (continued)","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":24,"rects":[[0.1256,0.6437,0.16255,0.01114],[0.1256,0.65759,0.0652,0.01114],[0.11713,0.67521,0.17514,0.01114],[0.1256,0.6891,0.18923,0.01114],[0.11713,0.70673,0.177,0.01114],[0.1256,0.72062,0.05597,0.01114],[0.11713,0.73824,0.22544,0.01114],[0.1256,0.75213,0.22544,0.01114],[0.11713,0.76976,0.2187,0.01114],[0.1256,0.78365,0.20934,0.01114],[0.1256,0.79754,0.06314,0.01114]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p024-07","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-the-pbis-framework#p024-07","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 24). Claim p024-07, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p024-07","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 24). Claim p024-07, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p024-07\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p024-07</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-the-pbis-framework#p024-07","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p024-08","page":24,"section":"what-is-the-pbis-framework","type":"statement","title":"Tier 1 uses school and community data to design and monitor universal practices","quote":"Uses multiple sources of data from both within (e.g., climate surveys, attendance, academics, discipline) and community (e.g., social determinants of health) to: • Inform the design of Tier 1 systems and practices • Monitor implementation and impact of Tier 1 practices and systems","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["data-based-decision-making","tier-1-universal-prevention"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"figure: Figure 2 (continued)","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":24,"rects":[[0.38003,0.6437,0.25971,0.01114],[0.38003,0.65885,0.26124,0.01114],[0.38003,0.674,0.24741,0.01114],[0.38003,0.68915,0.24929,0.01114],[0.38003,0.7194,0.26145,0.01114],[0.3885,0.73329,0.05892,0.01114],[0.38003,0.75092,0.25868,0.01114],[0.3885,0.76481,0.18002,0.01114]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p024-08","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-the-pbis-framework#p024-08","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 24). Claim p024-08, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p024-08","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 24). Claim p024-08, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p024-08\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p024-08</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-the-pbis-framework#p024-08","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p024-09","page":24,"section":"what-is-the-pbis-framework","type":"statement","title":"Tier 1 systems include needs assessment process and district-wide external agency access","quote":"Process for assessing individual student needs and level of support • District-wide access to external agency supports (e.g., mental health)","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["community-resources-and-partnerships","tier-1-universal-prevention"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"figure: Figure 2 (continued)","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":24,"rects":[[0.68592,0.6437,0.20396,0.01114],[0.68592,0.65759,0.22558,0.01114],[0.67745,0.67521,0.21163,0.01114],[0.68592,0.6891,0.192,0.01114],[0.68592,0.70299,0.04013,0.01114]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p024-09","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-the-pbis-framework#p024-09","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 24). Claim p024-09, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p024-09","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 24). Claim p024-09, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p024-09\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p024-09</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-the-pbis-framework#p024-09","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p025-01","page":25,"section":"what-is-the-pbis-framework","type":"statement","title":"PBIS leadership team selects and supports the practices used within each tier","quote":"The specific practices implemented within each tier are selected and supported by the leadership team.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["multi-tiered-system-of-support-mtss","positive-behavioral-interventions-and-supports-pbis"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: PBIS framework para","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":25,"rects":[[0.11765,0.09224,0.73624,0.01532],[0.11765,0.11118,0.1772,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p025-01","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-the-pbis-framework#p025-01","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 25). Claim p025-01, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p025-01","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 25). Claim p025-01, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p025-01\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p025-01</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-the-pbis-framework#p025-01","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p025-02","page":25,"section":"what-is-the-pbis-framework","type":"definition","title":"Tier 1 PBIS practices include belonging, teaching expectations, acknowledgment and defined responses","quote":"Core universal, or Tier 1, practices include intentional efforts to prioritize belonging and connection for all, clearly codefining and teaching schoolwide and classroom expectations, developing systems of acknowledgment and appreciation, and clearly defining instructional and supportive responses to behaviors that do not align with established expectations and values.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["positive-behavioral-interventions-and-supports-pbis","tier-1-universal-prevention"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: PBIS framework para","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":25,"rects":[[0.30465,0.11118,0.5306,0.01532],[0.11765,0.13013,0.68791,0.01532],[0.11765,0.14907,0.76254,0.01532],[0.11765,0.16802,0.76374,0.01532],[0.11765,0.18696,0.51895,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p025-02","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-the-pbis-framework#p025-02","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 25). Claim p025-02, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p025-02","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 25). Claim p025-02, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p025-02\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p025-02</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-the-pbis-framework#p025-02","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p025-03","page":25,"section":"what-is-the-pbis-framework","type":"definition","title":"Tier 2 PBIS practices identify students needing support and offer small group SEB interventions","quote":"Core, Tier 2, or targeted practices include systems for identifying students needing additional supports and a range of small group interventions designed to support student internalizing and externalizing SEB needs.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["positive-behavioral-interventions-and-supports-pbis","tier-2-targeted-intervention"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: PBIS framework para","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":25,"rects":[[0.64639,0.18696,0.2125,0.01532],[0.11765,0.20591,0.73618,0.01532],[0.11765,0.22485,0.73548,0.01532],[0.11765,0.24379,0.21454,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p025-03","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-the-pbis-framework#p025-03","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 25). Claim p025-03, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p025-03","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 25). 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Claim p027-01, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p027-01\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p027-01</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p027-01","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p027-02","page":27,"section":"considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction","type":"statement","title":"Six BTAM features in the figure, including observable behavior and multidisciplinary teams","quote":"Based on observable behavior • Prioritizes proactive prevention • Uses multidisciplinary teams for decision-making • Seeks to identify, assess, and provide interventions and supports • Emphasizes supportive, caring relationships between students and staff • Promotes safe and healthy school climates and cultures","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management-btam"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"figure: BTAM vs MTSS/PBIS figure","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":27,"rects":[[0.40064,0.19245,0.15472,0.01241],[0.40064,0.20633,0.06488,0.01241],[0.38686,0.22335,0.2464,0.01825],[0.38686,0.24401,0.1753,0.01825],[0.40064,0.26154,0.1966,0.01241],[0.38686,0.27856,0.19545,0.01825],[0.40064,0.29609,0.18976,0.01241],[0.40064,0.30998,0.09731,0.01241],[0.38686,0.327,0.23926,0.01825],[0.40064,0.34453,0.23078,0.01241],[0.40064,0.35842,0.06494,0.01241],[0.38686,0.37544,0.21036,0.01825],[0.40064,0.39297,0.14628,0.01241],[0.40064,0.40686,0.05891,0.01241]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p027-02","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p027-02","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 27). Claim p027-02, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p027-02","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 27). 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(2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 27). Claim p027-03, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p027-03","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 27). Claim p027-03, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p027-03\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p027-03</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p027-03","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p027-04","page":27,"section":"considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction","type":"conclusion","title":"BTAM supports PBIS by expanding interventions for students showing threatening behavior","quote":"Relatedly, BTAM supports PBIS implementation by expanding the continuum of interventions and supports available for students who are engaging in concerning or threatening behavior.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["integration-of-btam-with-mtss-pbis"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Body para 1","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":27,"rects":[[0.27077,0.52633,0.58219,0.01532],[0.11765,0.54527,0.74656,0.01532],[0.11765,0.56422,0.31502,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p027-04","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p027-04","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 27). Claim p027-04, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p027-04","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 27). Claim p027-04, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p027-04\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p027-04</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p027-04","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p027-05","page":27,"section":"considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction","type":"conclusion","title":"A collaborative BTAM-PBIS approach strengthens school climate and student well-being","quote":"A collaborative approach such as this serves to strengthen a positive school climate and promote student emotional and physical well-being.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["integration-of-btam-with-mtss-pbis","positive-school-climate"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Body para 1","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":27,"rects":[[0.44085,0.56422,0.41915,0.01532],[0.11765,0.58316,0.72671,0.01532],[0.11765,0.60211,0.09276,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p027-05","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p027-05","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 27). Claim p027-05, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p027-05","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 27). Claim p027-05, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p027-05\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p027-05</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p027-05","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p027-06","page":27,"section":"considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction","type":"statement","title":"Responsibility for safety and supports may be shared across multiple school teams","quote":"Responsibility for student safety, preventions, and supports may be shared across multiple school teams (e.g., school safety teams, MTSS/PBIS, student/teacher assistance teams, BTAM).","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["multidisciplinary-team-composition-and-teaming"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Body para 2","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":27,"rects":[[0.11765,0.63809,0.7274,0.01532],[0.11765,0.65704,0.69048,0.01532],[0.11765,0.67598,0.21277,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p027-06","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p027-06","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 27). Claim p027-06, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p027-06","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 27). Claim p027-06, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p027-06\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p027-06</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p027-06","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p027-07","page":27,"section":"considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction","type":"conclusion","title":"School leadership should align team roles and goals to avoid duplication","quote":"School leadership should determine how teams will address, support, and align aspects such as school safety and climate; clarify goals and roles to avoid duplication; and efficiently attend to matters of prevention, safety, and student support needs.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["integration-of-btam-with-mtss-pbis","multidisciplinary-team-composition-and-teaming"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Body para 2","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":27,"rects":[[0.34801,0.67598,0.45729,0.01532],[0.11765,0.69493,0.73612,0.01532],[0.11765,0.71387,0.75422,0.01532],[0.11765,0.73282,0.24089,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p027-07","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p027-07","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 27). Claim p027-07, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p027-07","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 27). Claim p027-07, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p027-07\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p027-07</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p027-07","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p027-08","page":27,"section":"considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction","type":"statement","title":"Section shows how BTAM and MTSS/PBIS together can enrich supports and boost efficiency","quote":"The intent of this section is to illustrate how BTAM and MTSS/PBIS can work together to enrich supports for students and staff and enhance implementation efficiency and effectiveness.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["integration-of-btam-with-mtss-pbis"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Body para 2","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":27,"rects":[[0.36833,0.73282,0.48557,0.01532],[0.11765,0.75176,0.75495,0.01532],[0.11765,0.7707,0.39265,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p027-08","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p027-08","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 27). Claim p027-08, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p027-08","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 27). 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(2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 27). Claim p027-09, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p027-09","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 27). Claim p027-09, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p027-09\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p027-09</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p027-09","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p027-10","page":27,"section":"considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction","type":"statement","title":"Policies, guides, procedures, training, and communication plans are examples of systems components","quote":"Policies, operational guides, procedures, professional development and training, and communication plans are all examples","tag":"I","reason":"The sentence crosses a page break: this quote is the page 27 part and the sentence continues on page 28 (claim p028-01). 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Claim p027-10, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p027-10\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p027-10</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p027-10","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p028-01","page":28,"section":"considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction","type":"statement","title":"Systems-level components support fidelity and make implementation lasting and accessible","quote":"of systems-level components that support staff toward greater levels of implementation fidelity and also make implementation more sustainable, durable, and accessible to each and every student.","tag":"I","reason":"The sentence crosses a page break: this quote is the page 28 part and the sentence begins on page 27 (claim p027-10). 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Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 28). Claim p028-01, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p028-01","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 28). Claim p028-01, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p028-01\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p028-01</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p028-01","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p028-02","page":28,"section":"considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction","type":"evidence","title":"Teaming is essential to implementing both BTAM and PBIS, per Eber et al. 2019","quote":"Teaming is essential for implementing BTAM and multi-tiered frameworks such as PBIS (Eber et al., 2019).","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["integration-of-btam-with-mtss-pbis","multidisciplinary-team-composition-and-teaming"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Body para 2","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":28,"rects":[[0.11765,0.20777,0.69865,0.01532],[0.11765,0.22671,0.22126,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p028-02","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p028-02","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 28). Claim p028-02, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p028-02","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 28). Claim p028-02, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p028-02\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p028-02</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p028-02","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p028-03","page":28,"section":"considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction","type":"evidence","title":"PBIS leadership team guides implementation, monitors effectiveness, provides continuity","quote":"In PBIS, the leadership team guides implementation, monitors effectiveness, and provides continuity across contexts (Center on Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports, 2023).","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["multidisciplinary-team-composition-and-teaming","positive-behavioral-interventions-and-supports-pbis"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Body para 2","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":28,"rects":[[0.3565,0.22671,0.46513,0.01532],[0.11765,0.24566,0.7412,0.01532],[0.11765,0.2646,0.3963,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p028-03","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p028-03","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 28). Claim p028-03, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p028-03","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 28). Claim p028-03, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p028-03\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p028-03</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p028-03","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p028-04","page":28,"section":"considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction","type":"statement","title":"BTAM team receives reports, gathers information, assesses risk, and develops strategies","quote":"Similarly, a school’s BTAM team guides implementation by receiving reports about concerning behaviors and situations, gathering additional information, assessing the risk of harm posed and to whom, and developing intervention and management strategies to reduce risk.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management-btam","multidisciplinary-team-composition-and-teaming"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Body para 2","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":28,"rects":[[0.53154,0.2646,0.27942,0.01532],[0.11765,0.28355,0.68241,0.01532],[0.11765,0.30249,0.7481,0.01532],[0.11765,0.32144,0.69662,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p028-04","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p028-04","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 28). Claim p028-04, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p028-04","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 28). Claim p028-04, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p028-04\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p028-04</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p028-04","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p028-05","page":28,"section":"considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction","type":"statement","title":"Both frameworks stress multidisciplinary teams for varied views and broad information access","quote":"Both MTSS/PBIS and BTAM emphasize the multidisciplinary representation of skill sets among team members to ensure that varying points of view are represented and that access to information and resources is broad (see Table 1).","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["integration-of-btam-with-mtss-pbis","multidisciplinary-team-composition-and-teaming"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Body para 2","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":28,"rects":[[0.82407,0.32144,0.04292,0.01532],[0.11765,0.34038,0.72287,0.01532],[0.11765,0.35932,0.71886,0.01532],[0.11765,0.37827,0.54731,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p028-05","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p028-05","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 28). Claim p028-05, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p028-05","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 28). Claim p028-05, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p028-05\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p028-05</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p028-05","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p028-06","page":28,"section":"considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction","type":"statement","title":"Table 1 lists shared and differing member roles for BTAM and MTSS/PBIS teams","quote":"A multidisciplinary team including, but not limited to, representation from: | A multidisciplinary team including, but not limited to, representation from: • General education | • General education • Special education | • Special education • Administration | • Administration • Individuals with SEB expertise (e.g., school counselors, school psychologists) | • Individuals with SEB expertise (e.g., school counselors, school psychologists) • Individuals with mental health expertise | • Individuals with coaching and training expertise • School nurses or health room coordinators | • Members from underserved groups • School safety specialists (e.g., school resource officer) | • Family and student representation • Community partners • Community partners","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["multidisciplinary-team-composition-and-teaming"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"table: Table 1","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"table row","page":28,"rects":[[0.07668,0.56739,0.31707,0.02768]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p028-06","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p028-06","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 28). Claim p028-06, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p028-06","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 28). Claim p028-06, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p028-06\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p028-06</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p028-06","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p028-07","page":28,"section":"considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction","type":"statement","title":"Table 1 integrated representation: each team includes members who know the other's initiative","quote":"INTEGRATED REPRESENTATION | INTEGRATED REPRESENTATION • Individuals with detailed knowledge about the school’s current MTSS/PBIS initiative | • Individuals with detailed knowledge about the school’s current BTAM initiative","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["integration-of-btam-with-mtss-pbis","multidisciplinary-team-composition-and-teaming"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"table: Table 1","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"table row","page":28,"rects":[[0.11062,0.82015,0.76125,0.01535]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p028-07","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p028-07","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 28). Claim p028-07, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p028-07","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 28). Claim p028-07, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p028-07\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p028-07</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p028-07","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p029-01","page":29,"section":"considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction","type":"conclusion","title":"Integrating BTAM and PBIS team membership with defined roles is a promising alignment approach","quote":"One promising approach for aligning BTAM and MTSS/PBIS is to expand team membership for both by integrating membership across the teams and then defining roles and expectations for collaboration.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["integration-of-btam-with-mtss-pbis","multidisciplinary-team-composition-and-teaming"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Body para 1","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":29,"rects":[[0.11765,0.09224,0.6954,0.01532],[0.11765,0.11118,0.75506,0.01532],[0.11765,0.13013,0.35456,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p029-01","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p029-01","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 29). Claim p029-01, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p029-01","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 29). Claim p029-01, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p029-01\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p029-01</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p029-01","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p029-02","page":29,"section":"considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction","type":"conjecture","title":"Cross-team partners can expand views of frameworks, practices and available data","quote":"Adding partners across teams can provide an expanded view of the two frameworks, the practices implemented to support students to better outcomes, and the data available to inform support strategies.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["integration-of-btam-with-mtss-pbis","multidisciplinary-team-composition-and-teaming"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Body para 1","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":29,"rects":[[0.48201,0.13013,0.37759,0.01532],[0.11765,0.14907,0.71589,0.01532],[0.11765,0.16802,0.71611,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p029-02","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p029-02","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 29). Claim p029-02, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p029-02","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 29). Claim p029-02, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p029-02\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p029-02</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p029-02","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p029-03","page":29,"section":"considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction","type":"conjecture","title":"A PBIS leader on the BTAM team can raise awareness of behavioral data and tiered supports","quote":"For example, integrating a member of the PBIS leadership team onto the BTAM team can help provide a greater level of awareness of the available behavioral data and the full menu of universal (Tier 1), targeted (Tier 2), and intensive (Tier 3) supports available to layer and match to student needs during the behavioral threat assessment and management process.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["integration-of-btam-with-mtss-pbis","multidisciplinary-team-composition-and-teaming"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Body para 1","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":29,"rects":[[0.84355,0.16802,0.03041,0.01532],[0.11765,0.18696,0.75793,0.01532],[0.11765,0.20591,0.75479,0.01532],[0.11765,0.22485,0.74772,0.01532],[0.11765,0.24379,0.72422,0.01532],[0.11765,0.26274,0.1918,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p029-03","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p029-03","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 29). Claim p029-03, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p029-03","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 29). Claim p029-03, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p029-03\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p029-03</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p029-03","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p029-04","page":29,"section":"considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction","type":"conjecture","title":"A BTAM member on the PBIS team can promote early identification and intervention","quote":"As well, integrating a member of the BTAM team onto the PBIS leadership team can help promote early identification of concerning and/or threatening behaviors and early intervention.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["integration-of-btam-with-mtss-pbis","multidisciplinary-team-composition-and-teaming"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Body para 1","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":29,"rects":[[0.31924,0.26274,0.51435,0.01532],[0.11765,0.28168,0.71828,0.01532],[0.11765,0.30063,0.39528,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p029-04","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p029-04","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 29). Claim p029-04, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p029-04","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 29). Claim p029-04, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p029-04\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p029-04</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p029-04","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p029-05","page":29,"section":"considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction","type":"conclusion","title":"Clear teaming procedures support effective decisions, especially in high-pressure situations","quote":"Clearly defined teaming procedures can support efficient and effective team functioning and decision-making and are particularly important when dealing with stressful high-pressure situations.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["multidisciplinary-team-composition-and-teaming"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Body para 2","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":29,"rects":[[0.52272,0.30063,0.31882,0.01532],[0.11765,0.31957,0.72687,0.01532],[0.11765,0.33852,0.66096,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p029-05","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p029-05","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 29). Claim p029-05, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p029-05","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 29). Claim p029-05, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p029-05\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p029-05</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p029-05","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p029-06","page":29,"section":"considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction","type":"evidence","title":"Splett et al. (2023) is pointed to for more on effective teaming in school MTSS","quote":"For more information on effective teaming, see Enhancing Team Functioning in Schools’ Multi-Tiered Systems of Support (Splett et al., 2023)","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["multidisciplinary-team-composition-and-teaming"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"callout: Teaming resource note","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"clauses(1/2)","page":29,"rects":[[0.78841,0.33852,0.08203,0.01532],[0.11765,0.35746,0.2922,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p029-06","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p029-06","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 29). Claim p029-06, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p029-06","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 29). Claim p029-06, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p029-06\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p029-06</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p029-06","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p029-07","page":29,"section":"considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction","type":"statement","title":"Example school reviews BTAM, Tier 1 and Tier 2/3 team composition for crossover membership","quote":"A school is implementing BTAM and MTSS/PBIS and wants to ensure that both teams are actively aligned in their shared missions of prevention and support. The school’s administration works collaboratively with the leaders of the BTAM team, the MTSS/PBIS Tier 1 team, and the MTSS/PBIS Tier 2 and 3 combined team to review each team’s composition and identify opportunities for crossover membership.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["integration-of-btam-with-mtss-pbis","multidisciplinary-team-composition-and-teaming"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"callout: School Example: Integrated Team","case":true,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":29,"rects":[[0.37273,0.51976,0.59545,0.01393],[0.37273,0.53744,0.5619,0.01393],[0.37273,0.55511,0.57632,0.01393],[0.37273,0.57279,0.56285,0.01393],[0.37273,0.59047,0.55609,0.01393],[0.37273,0.60814,0.42745,0.01393]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p029-07","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p029-07","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 29). Claim p029-07, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p029-07","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 29). Claim p029-07, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p029-07\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p029-07</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p029-07","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p029-08","page":29,"section":"considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction","type":"statement","title":"In the example, BTAM presence at Tier 1 meetings raises awareness of intensive supports","quote":"Having BTAM representation present at the Tier 1 team meetings helps to enhance awareness of additional support systems and interventions for students with intensive needs.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["integration-of-btam-with-mtss-pbis","multidisciplinary-team-composition-and-teaming"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"callout: School Example: Integrated Team","case":true,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":29,"rects":[[0.80892,0.60814,0.10899,0.01393],[0.37273,0.62582,0.55123,0.01393],[0.37273,0.6435,0.57805,0.01393],[0.18219,0.66117,0.1649,0.01393]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p029-08","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p029-08","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 29). Claim p029-08, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p029-08","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 29). Claim p029-08, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p029-08\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p029-08</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p029-08","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p029-09","page":29,"section":"considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction","type":"statement","title":"In the example, BTAM expertise at Tier 2/3 meetings builds early identification capacity","quote":"Likewise, having BTAM representation and expertise present at the Tier 2 and 3 combined team meetings helps to build capacity for early identification and early intervention for students in distress or who may be displaying concerning and/or threatening behavior.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["integration-of-btam-with-mtss-pbis","multidisciplinary-team-composition-and-teaming"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"callout: School Example: Integrated Team","case":true,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":29,"rects":[[0.356,0.66117,0.57569,0.01393],[0.18219,0.67885,0.72406,0.01393],[0.18219,0.69653,0.7527,0.01393],[0.18219,0.7142,0.07078,0.01393]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p029-09","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p029-09","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 29). Claim p029-09, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p029-09","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 29). Claim p029-09, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p029-09\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p029-09</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p029-09","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p029-10","page":29,"section":"considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction","type":"statement","title":"In the example, MTSS/PBIS at BTAM meetings builds SEB framework knowledge and links plans to tiers","quote":"Similarly, having MTSS/PBIS representation present at the BTAM team meetings helps to enhance knowledge and expertise in the school’s larger SEB support framework and leverage existing school resources for students receiving individualized management and support plans or individualized safety plans (e.g., BTAM interventions explicitly linked to existing Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3 supports).","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["individualized-support-and-management-plans","integration-of-btam-with-mtss-pbis","multidisciplinary-team-composition-and-teaming"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"callout: School Example: Integrated Team","case":true,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":29,"rects":[[0.26041,0.7142,0.6945,0.01393],[0.18219,0.73188,0.77734,0.01393],[0.18219,0.74956,0.78681,0.01393],[0.18219,0.76723,0.77971,0.01393],[0.18219,0.78491,0.12229,0.01393]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p029-10","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p029-10","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 29). Claim p029-10, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p029-10","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 29). Claim p029-10, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p029-10\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p029-10</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p029-10","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p030-01","page":30,"section":"considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction","type":"statement","title":"Example district has a leadership team on prevention, climate, safety and SEB well-being","quote":"A district has an established leadership team focused on current initiatives regarding the prevention of unwanted outcomes and which addresses matters regarding school climate, school safety, and students’ SEB well-being.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["multidisciplinary-team-composition-and-teaming"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"callout: District Example: Integrated Team","case":true,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":30,"rects":[[0.30737,0.17368,0.52128,0.01393],[0.30737,0.19135,0.56244,0.01393],[0.30737,0.20903,0.58618,0.01393],[0.30737,0.22671,0.12243,0.01393]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p030-01","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p030-01","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 30). Claim p030-01, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p030-01","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 30). Claim p030-01, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p030-01\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p030-01</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p030-01","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p030-02","page":30,"section":"considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction","type":"statement","title":"District BTAM coordinator sits on leadership team to connect with school BTAM teams","quote":"The district’s BTAM coordinator is an active member of the team to enhance awareness and connection to the work of the school-based BTAM teams across the district.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["integration-of-btam-with-mtss-pbis","multidisciplinary-team-composition-and-teaming"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"callout: District Example: Integrated Team","case":true,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":30,"rects":[[0.43871,0.22671,0.42355,0.01393],[0.30737,0.24438,0.5588,0.01393],[0.30737,0.26206,0.3646,0.01393]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p030-02","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p030-02","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 30). Claim p030-02, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p030-02","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 30). Claim p030-02, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p030-02\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p030-02</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p030-02","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p030-03","page":30,"section":"considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction","type":"statement","title":"District MTSS/PBIS coordinator sits on team to share SEB programming knowledge","quote":"The district’s MTSS/PBIS coordinator is an active member of the team to provide knowledge about current SEB programming across the district and campus-level efforts to enhance school climate.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["integration-of-btam-with-mtss-pbis","multidisciplinary-team-composition-and-teaming"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"callout: District Example: Integrated Team","case":true,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":30,"rects":[[0.68088,0.26206,0.19983,0.01393],[0.30737,0.27974,0.59578,0.01393],[0.30737,0.29741,0.58841,0.01393],[0.11683,0.31509,0.18978,0.01393]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p030-03","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p030-03","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 30). Claim p030-03, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p030-03","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 30). Claim p030-03, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p030-03\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p030-03</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p030-03","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p030-04","page":30,"section":"considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction","type":"conclusion","title":"Both coordinators on one team helps build capacity to find alignment points","quote":"Having the district’s BTAM coordinator and MTSS/PBIS coordinator both serve on this leadership team helps build capacity to identify natural points of alignment and opportunities to work in conjunction.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["integration-of-btam-with-mtss-pbis","multidisciplinary-team-composition-and-teaming"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"callout: District Example: Integrated Team","case":true,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":30,"rects":[[0.31536,0.31509,0.58738,0.01393],[0.11683,0.33277,0.75166,0.01393],[0.11683,0.35044,0.29516,0.01393]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p030-04","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p030-04","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 30). Claim p030-04, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p030-04","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 30). Claim p030-04, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p030-04\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p030-04</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p030-04","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p030-05","page":30,"section":"considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction","type":"conclusion","title":"Schools should consider two-way communication systems between PBIS and BTAM teams","quote":"The PBIS leadership team and the BTAM team purposefully support students in unique yet complementary ways. Because of this, schools should consider establishing systems to facilitate two-way communication regarding implementation processes, progress, and outcomes as a means to enhance alignment and integration.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["two-way-communication-between-teams"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Two-Way Communication para 1","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":30,"rects":[[0.11683,0.47492,0.68437,0.01532],[0.11683,0.49386,0.67971,0.01532],[0.11683,0.5128,0.75198,0.01532],[0.11683,0.53175,0.75654,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p030-05","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p030-05","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 30). Claim p030-05, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p030-05","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 30). Claim p030-05, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p030-05\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p030-05</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p030-05","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p030-06","page":30,"section":"considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction","type":"conclusion","title":"Regular two-way communication routes student distress information to the best-suited team","quote":"Regular, two-way communication allows important information about students in need or distress to be shared with the team best suited to provide support.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["two-way-communication-between-teams"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Two-Way Communication para 1","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":30,"rects":[[0.11683,0.55069,0.72179,0.01532],[0.11683,0.56964,0.66423,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p030-06","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p030-06","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 30). Claim p030-06, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p030-06","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 30). Claim p030-06, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p030-06\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p030-06</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p030-06","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p030-07","page":30,"section":"considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction","type":"conclusion","title":"Regular team communication guards against siloed information and fosters cooperation","quote":"Regular team communication also helps safeguard against siloed information and promotes group cooperation for enhanced student support.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["two-way-communication-between-teams"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Two-Way Communication para 1","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":30,"rects":[[0.79086,0.56964,0.06888,0.01532],[0.11683,0.58858,0.74293,0.01532],[0.11683,0.60753,0.43829,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p030-07","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p030-07","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 30). Claim p030-07, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p030-07","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 30). Claim p030-07, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p030-07\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p030-07</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p030-07","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p030-08","page":30,"section":"considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction","type":"conclusion","title":"Professional development and training are core to successful program implementation","quote":"Professional development and training are core features of the successful implementation of any program or practice.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["professional-development-and-training"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Professional Development para 1","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":30,"rects":[[0.11683,0.64351,0.65219,0.01532],[0.11683,0.66246,0.3849,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p030-08","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p030-08","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 30). Claim p030-08, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p030-08","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 30). Claim p030-08, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p030-08\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p030-08</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p030-08","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p030-09","page":30,"section":"considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction","type":"conclusion","title":"Alignment teams should consider training needs of staff, SROs and local police","quote":"Because school safety is everyone’s responsibility, teams working to align BTAM with the PBIS framework should consider the training needs of faculty, staff, administrators, school resource officers, and local law enforcement.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["professional-development-and-training"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Professional Development para 1","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":30,"rects":[[0.51135,0.66246,0.31715,0.01532],[0.11683,0.6814,0.76095,0.01532],[0.11683,0.70035,0.74788,0.01532],[0.11683,0.71929,0.14897,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p030-09","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p030-09","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 30). Claim p030-09, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p030-09","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 30). Claim p030-09, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p030-09\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p030-09</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p030-09","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p030-10","page":30,"section":"considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction","type":"conclusion","title":"Teams should offer training so the school community gains knowledge and skills","quote":"To set all members of the school community up for success, teams should provide professional development and training opportunities to acquire new knowledge and build new skills.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["professional-development-and-training"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: PD: Faculty, Staff, Administrators para 1","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":30,"rects":[[0.11683,0.81456,0.72966,0.01532],[0.11683,0.83351,0.70844,0.01532],[0.11683,0.85245,0.17303,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p030-10","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p030-10","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 30). Claim p030-10, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p030-10","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 30). Claim p030-10, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p030-10\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p030-10</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p030-10","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p030-11","page":30,"section":"considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction","type":"conclusion","title":"All staff should be trained on core Tier 1 PBIS elements like expectations","quote":"All staff should receive training on core, universal (Tier 1) PBIS elements to better understand schoolwide and classroom expectations, acknowledgment and appreciation systems, and response to behaviors that do not align with established expectations and values.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["positive-behavioral-interventions-and-supports-pbis","professional-development-and-training","tier-1-universal-prevention"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: PD: Faculty, Staff, Administrators para 1","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":30,"rects":[[0.29966,0.85245,0.50342,0.01532],[0.11683,0.87139,0.68437,0.01532],[0.11683,0.89034,0.73791,0.01532],[0.11683,0.90928,0.41328,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p030-11","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p030-11","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 30). Claim p030-11, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p030-11","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 30). Claim p030-11, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p030-11\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p030-11</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p030-11","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p030-12","page":30,"section":"considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction","type":"conclusion","title":"Every adult on campus should be trained on BTAM purpose and processes","quote":"Additionally, each adult on campus,","tag":"I","reason":"The sentence crosses a page break: this quote is the page 30 part and the sentence continues on page 31 (claim p031-01). Full sentence (pages 30–31): “Additionally, each adult on campus, including administrative, maintenance, custodial, and food service staff, should receive training on understanding the purpose and processes of behavioral threat assessment and management as a means of violence prevention (National Threat Assessment Center, 2018).”","concepts":["behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management-btam","professional-development-and-training"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: PD: Faculty, Staff, Administrators para 1","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":30,"rects":[[0.53991,0.90928,0.31213,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p030-12","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p030-12","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 30). Claim p030-12, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p030-12","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 30). Claim p030-12, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p030-12\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p030-12</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p030-12","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p031-01","page":31,"section":"considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction","type":"conclusion","title":"Every adult on campus, including custodial and food staff, should be trained on BTAM purpose","quote":"including administrative, maintenance, custodial, and food service staff, should receive training on understanding the purpose and processes of behavioral threat assessment and management as a means of violence prevention (National Threat Assessment Center, 2018).","tag":"I","reason":"The sentence crosses a page break: this quote is the page 31 part and the sentence begins on page 30 (claim p030-12). 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Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 31). Claim p031-01, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p031-01","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 31). Claim p031-01, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p031-01\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p031-01</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p031-01","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p031-02","page":31,"section":"considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction","type":"statement","title":"BTAM training can cover recognizing concerning behavior and multiple reporting methods","quote":"Training topics can include recognizing concerning and/or threatening behavior or communications, as well as what information should be brought forward and the multiple methods to do so (e.g., direct communication, phone line, email or online form, text or mobile application).","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["bystander-reporting-mechanisms","professional-development-and-training"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Training para","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":31,"rects":[[0.24451,0.14907,0.6259,0.01532],[0.11765,0.16802,0.75212,0.01532],[0.11765,0.18696,0.71666,0.01532],[0.11765,0.20591,0.36526,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p031-02","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p031-02","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 31). Claim p031-02, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p031-02","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 31). Claim p031-02, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p031-02\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p031-02</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p031-02","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p031-03","page":31,"section":"considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction","type":"conclusion","title":"Training on suicide, bullying, trauma and mental health can support universal prevention","quote":"Training on other topics such as suicide awareness and prevention, conflict resolution, bullying prevention, developmental disabilities, adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and trauma, and mental health first aid can also support universal prevention efforts and assist school faculty, staff, and administrators with fostering positive school climates.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["positive-school-climate","professional-development-and-training","tier-1-universal-prevention"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Training para","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":31,"rects":[[0.50051,0.20591,0.35122,0.01532],[0.11765,0.22485,0.7256,0.01532],[0.11765,0.24379,0.76545,0.01532],[0.11765,0.26274,0.74303,0.01532],[0.11765,0.28168,0.4749,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p031-03","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p031-03","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 31). Claim p031-03, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p031-03","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 31). Claim p031-03, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p031-03\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p031-03</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p031-03","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p031-04","page":31,"section":"considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction","type":"conclusion","title":"Dissemination plan should reach families, students and staff unable to attend training","quote":"Relatedly, a comprehensive dissemination plan around awareness and prevention efforts that includes how to access systems of support should be included for non-staff members of the school community such as families and students and staff who are unable to attend training due to contractual or logistical barriers (e.g., transportation, teacher assistants, food service).","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["professional-development-and-training"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Training para","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":31,"rects":[[0.60234,0.28168,0.24284,0.01532],[0.11765,0.30063,0.72384,0.01532],[0.11765,0.31957,0.73649,0.01532],[0.11765,0.33852,0.67984,0.01532],[0.11765,0.35746,0.67833,0.01532],[0.11765,0.37641,0.20612,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p031-04","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p031-04","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 31). Claim p031-04, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p031-04","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 31). Claim p031-04, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p031-04\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p031-04</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p031-04","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p031-05","page":31,"section":"considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction","type":"conclusion","title":"All schools can build proactive relationships with local law enforcement, even without an SRO","quote":"While not every campus will have a school resource officer, all schools can develop positive, proactive relationships with local law enforcement agencies and personnel who may be asked to respond when highly concerning, threatening, or violent behavior emerges.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["law-enforcement-intervention-and-school-resource-officers"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: SRO training para","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":31,"rects":[[0.11765,0.75449,0.7364,0.01532],[0.11765,0.77343,0.74314,0.01532],[0.11765,0.79237,0.69395,0.01532],[0.11765,0.81132,0.16006,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p031-05","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p031-05","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 31). Claim p031-05, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p031-05","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 31). Claim p031-05, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p031-05\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p031-05</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p031-05","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p031-06","page":31,"section":"considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction","type":"fact","title":"Some schools have officers coteach, coach sports, or join after-school events","quote":"Some schools proactively build partnerships by encouraging officers to coteach classes, serve as coaches or assistant coaches of sports teams, and/or work with parents and teachers at after-school events.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["law-enforcement-intervention-and-school-resource-officers"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: SRO training para","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":31,"rects":[[0.2875,0.81132,0.53878,0.01532],[0.11765,0.83026,0.72977,0.01532],[0.11765,0.84921,0.5459,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p031-06","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p031-06","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 31). Claim p031-06, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p031-06","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 31). Claim p031-06, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p031-06\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p031-06</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p031-06","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p031-07","page":31,"section":"considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction","type":"fact","title":"Some agencies have officers \"adopt a school\" and visit regularly when no SRO is assigned","quote":"When assigning a dedicated school resource officer is not possible, some local law enforcement agencies have encouraged officers to “adopt a school” and regularly visit the school to greet and become familiar with students and teachers, eat lunch on","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["law-enforcement-intervention-and-school-resource-officers"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: SRO training para","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":31,"rects":[[0.67334,0.84921,0.14167,0.01532],[0.11765,0.86815,0.70631,0.01532],[0.11765,0.8871,0.68538,0.01532],[0.11765,0.90604,0.68868,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p031-07","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p031-07","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 31). Claim p031-07, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p031-07","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 31). Claim p031-07, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p031-07\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p031-07</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p031-07","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p032-01","page":32,"section":"considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction","type":"evidence","title":"Some agencies have officers adopt a school, eating lunch or doing paperwork on campus","quote":"campus, or complete paperwork in an office on campus (National Threat Assessment Center, 2018).","tag":"I","reason":"The sentence crosses a page break: this quote is the page 32 part and the sentence begins on page 31 (claim p031-07). Full sentence (pages 31–32): “When assigning a dedicated school resource officer is not possible, some local law enforcement agencies have encouraged officers to “adopt a school” and regularly visit the school to greet and become familiar with students and teachers, eat lunch on campus, or complete paperwork in an office on campus (National Threat Assessment Center, 2018).”","concepts":["law-enforcement-intervention-and-school-resource-officers"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Body para 1","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":32,"rects":[[0.11765,0.09224,0.64662,0.01532],[0.11765,0.11118,0.221,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p032-01","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p032-01","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 32). Claim p032-01, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p032-01","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 32). Claim p032-01, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p032-01\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p032-01</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p032-01","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p032-02","page":32,"section":"considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction","type":"conclusion","title":"SROs and local police need training on the school's BTAM process and their role","quote":"Like faculty, staff, and administrators, school resource officers and local law enforcement need training to increase their awareness of the school’s behavioral threat assessment and management process and their role in it.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["law-enforcement-intervention-and-school-resource-officers","professional-development-and-training"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Body para 2","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":32,"rects":[[0.11765,0.14717,0.66957,0.01532],[0.11765,0.16611,0.71611,0.01532],[0.11765,0.18506,0.56047,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p032-02","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p032-02","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 32). Claim p032-02, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p032-02","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 32). Claim p032-02, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p032-02\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p032-02</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p032-02","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p032-03","page":32,"section":"considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction","type":"conjecture","title":"Training officers on topics like child development and trauma can support Tier 1 prevention","quote":"Moreover, training on additional topics, such as child development, conflict resolution, bullying prevention, students with disabilities, unintentional assumptions of student backgrounds, ACEs and trauma, mental health first aid, and specific schoolwide programs and practices can better position all officers to promote positive school climates and support the school’s Tier 1 prevention efforts.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["law-enforcement-intervention-and-school-resource-officers","professional-development-and-training","tier-1-universal-prevention"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Body para 2","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":32,"rects":[[0.68791,0.18506,0.18802,0.01532],[0.11765,0.204,0.75103,0.01532],[0.11765,0.22295,0.73924,0.01532],[0.11765,0.24189,0.74532,0.01532],[0.11765,0.26084,0.73906,0.01532],[0.11765,0.27978,0.287,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p032-03","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p032-03","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 32). Claim p032-03, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p032-03","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 32). Claim p032-03, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p032-03\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p032-03</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p032-03","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p032-04","page":32,"section":"considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction","type":"statement","title":"Table 2 summarizes systems-level considerations for each of the three MTSS/PBIS tiers","quote":"Table 2 summarizes important systems-level considerations for each of the three tiers within the MTSS/PBIS framework.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["integration-of-btam-with-mtss-pbis","multi-tiered-system-of-support-mtss"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Body para 3","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":32,"rects":[[0.11765,0.31577,0.76077,0.01532],[0.11765,0.33471,0.2954,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p032-04","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p032-04","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 32). Claim p032-04, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p032-04","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 32). Claim p032-04, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p032-04\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p032-04</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p032-04","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p033-01","page":33,"section":"considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction","type":"conclusion","title":"Across all tiers, teams should have integrated BTAM and MTSS/PBIS membership and expertise","quote":"Multidisciplinary team with integrated membership and expertise (i.e., BTAM and MTSS/PBIS representation)","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["integration-of-btam-with-mtss-pbis","multidisciplinary-team-composition-and-teaming"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"table: Table 2","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":33,"rects":[[0.11186,0.30086,0.741,0.01184]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p033-01","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p033-01","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 33). Claim p033-01, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p033-01","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 33). Claim p033-01, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p033-01\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p033-01</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p033-01","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p033-02","page":33,"section":"considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction","type":"conclusion","title":"Teams need clearly defined processes for meetings, decisions and action planning","quote":"Clearly defined team processes for meetings, decision-making, and action planning","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["multidisciplinary-team-composition-and-teaming"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"table: Table 2","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":33,"rects":[[0.11186,0.31853,0.57192,0.01184]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p033-02","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p033-02","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 33). Claim p033-02, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p033-02","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 33). Claim p033-02, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p033-02\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p033-02</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p033-02","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p033-03","page":33,"section":"considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction","type":"conclusion","title":"Table 2 lists two-way communication between BTAM and MTSS/PBIS teams across all tiers","quote":"Two-way communication between BTAM and MTSS/PBIS teams","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["two-way-communication-between-teams"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"table: Table 2","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":33,"rects":[[0.11186,0.33621,0.43886,0.01184]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p033-03","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p033-03","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 33). Claim p033-03, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p033-03","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 33). Claim p033-03, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p033-03\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p033-03</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p033-03","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p033-04","page":33,"section":"considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction","type":"conclusion","title":"Training covers core practices and data systems cumulatively from Tier 1 through Tier 3","quote":"Core Tier 1 practices and data systems | • Core Tier 1 and Tier 2 practices and data systems | • Core Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3 practices and data systems","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["multi-tiered-system-of-support-mtss","professional-development-and-training"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"table: Table 2","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"table row","page":33,"rects":[[0.11186,0.40997,0.20382,0.02446]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p033-04","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p033-04","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 33). Claim p033-04, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p033-04","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 33). Claim p033-04, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p033-04\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p033-04</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p033-04","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p033-05","page":33,"section":"considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction","type":"conclusion","title":"Tiered training topics include recognizing threats, mental health first aid, ACEs and BTAM","quote":"Recognizing concerning and/or threatening behavior | • Mental health first aid • De-escalation techniques | • Functional behavioral assessment and behavior intervention planning • Reporting mechanisms • Understanding adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) | • Trauma-informed care | • Behavioral threat assessment and management (BTAM)","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["mental-health-supports","professional-development-and-training"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"table: Table 2","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"table row","page":33,"rects":[[0.11186,0.44026,0.20342,0.02446]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p033-05","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p033-05","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 33). Claim p033-05, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p033-05","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 33). Claim p033-05, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p033-05\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p033-05</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p033-05","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p033-06","page":33,"section":"considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction","type":"conclusion","title":"Identification supports include schoolwide behavior response and early identification assessment","quote":"District-wide/Schoolwide supports for responding to behavior • Assessment systems for early identification","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["tier-1-universal-prevention","tier-2-targeted-intervention"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"table: Table 2","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":33,"rects":[[0.11186,0.57084,0.17497,0.01184],[0.11186,0.58346,0.18533,0.01184],[0.11186,0.59608,0.06017,0.01184],[0.3644,0.57083,0.2146,0.01184],[0.37584,0.58345,0.09044,0.01184]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p033-06","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p033-06","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 33). Claim p033-06, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p033-06","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 33). Claim p033-06, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p033-06\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p033-06</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p033-06","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p033-07","page":33,"section":"considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction","type":"conclusion","title":"Supports should include a continuum of interventions matched to student needs","quote":"Continuum of interventions matched to student needs (e.g., social skills instruction)","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["multi-tiered-system-of-support-mtss","tier-2-targeted-intervention"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"table: Table 2","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":33,"rects":[[0.37584,0.60113,0.18786,0.01184],[0.37584,0.61375,0.2183,0.01184],[0.37584,0.62637,0.15369,0.01184]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p033-07","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p033-07","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 33). Claim p033-07, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p033-07","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 33). Claim p033-07, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p033-07\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p033-07</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p033-07","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p033-08","page":33,"section":"considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction","type":"conclusion","title":"Tier 3 calls for a process to assess individual student needs and support level","quote":"Process for assessing individual student needs and level of support","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["assessment-and-information-gathering","tier-3-individualized-intensive-intervention"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"table: Table 2","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":33,"rects":[[0.66016,0.57082,0.21671,0.01184],[0.66016,0.58344,0.23968,0.01184]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p033-08","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p033-08","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 33). Claim p033-08, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p033-08","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 33). Claim p033-08, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p033-08\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p033-08</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p033-08","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p033-09","page":33,"section":"considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction","type":"conclusion","title":"District-wide access to external agency supports such as mental health","quote":"District-wide access to external agency supports (e.g., mental health)","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["community-resources-and-partnerships","mental-health-supports"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"table: Table 2","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":33,"rects":[[0.66016,0.60112,0.21586,0.01184],[0.66016,0.61374,0.204,0.01184],[0.66016,0.62636,0.04264,0.01184]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p033-09","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p033-09","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 33). Claim p033-09, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p033-09","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 33). Claim p033-09, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p033-09\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p033-09</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p033-09","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p033-10","page":33,"section":"considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction","type":"definition","title":"Practices are evidence-based interventions educators use to improve student behavior","quote":"Practices represent the evidence-based interventions and supports educators implement to positively impact student behavior and address desired outcomes (Center on Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports, 2023).","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["positive-behavioral-interventions-and-supports-pbis"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Practices para 1","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":33,"rects":[[0.11765,0.70306,0.69127,0.01532],[0.11765,0.722,0.7117,0.01532],[0.11765,0.74094,0.57207,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p033-10","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p033-10","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 33). Claim p033-10, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p033-10","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 33). Claim p033-10, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p033-10\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p033-10</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p033-10","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p033-11","page":33,"section":"considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction","type":"definition","title":"MTSS/PBIS continuum spans universal, targeted small-group and individualized SEB practices","quote":"Within a continuum of support aligned with MTSS/PBIS, educators implement universal practices to proactively support all student SEB needs (Tier 1), provide targeted practices to small groups of students identified as needing supplemental support (Tier 2), and individualize and intensify select practices to support students with more significant SEB needs (Tier 3).","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["multi-tiered-system-of-support-mtss"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Practices para 1","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":33,"rects":[[0.70731,0.74094,0.17465,0.01532],[0.11765,0.75989,0.70865,0.01532],[0.11765,0.77883,0.7103,0.01532],[0.11765,0.79778,0.72684,0.01532],[0.11765,0.81672,0.74932,0.01532],[0.11765,0.83567,0.15847,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p033-11","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p033-11","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 33). Claim p033-11, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p033-11","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 33). Claim p033-11, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p033-11\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p033-11</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p033-11","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p033-12","page":33,"section":"considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction","type":"conclusion","title":"Working with MTSS/PBIS teams lets BTAM teams tap the full support continuum","quote":"By working in conjunction with a school’s MTSS/PBIS team, a BTAM team can leverage the full continuum of practices, supports, and interventions to enhance their supports for students in distress.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["integration-of-btam-with-mtss-pbis"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Practices para 2","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":33,"rects":[[0.29372,0.83567,0.54477,0.01532],[0.11765,0.85461,0.75163,0.01532],[0.11765,0.87356,0.43722,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p033-12","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p033-12","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 33). Claim p033-12, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p033-12","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 33). Claim p033-12, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p033-12\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p033-12</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p033-12","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p033-13","page":33,"section":"considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction","type":"conclusion","title":"Collaborating with BTAM teams can amplify MTSS/PBIS prevention across tiers","quote":"Likewise, by collaborating with the school’s BTAM team, an MTSS/PBIS team can amplify its efforts for prevention and intervention across the tiers.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["integration-of-btam-with-mtss-pbis"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Practices para 2","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":33,"rects":[[0.56467,0.87356,0.30827,0.01532],[0.11765,0.8925,0.7368,0.01532],[0.11765,0.91144,0.248,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p033-13","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p033-13","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 33). Claim p033-13, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p033-13","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 33). Claim p033-13, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p033-13\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p033-13</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p033-13","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p034-01","page":34,"section":"considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction","type":"conclusion","title":"Practices should be evidence-based, need-aligned, layered and aligned across tiers","quote":"Individual practices should be evidence-based, aligned to documented needs, layered, and aligned across tiers.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["multi-tiered-system-of-support-mtss"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Body para 1","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":34,"rects":[[0.11765,0.09981,0.76671,0.01532],[0.11765,0.11876,0.21078,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p034-01","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p034-01","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 34). Claim p034-01, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p034-01","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 34). Claim p034-01, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p034-01\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p034-01</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p034-01","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p034-02","page":34,"section":"considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction","type":"statement","title":"In a layered approach, Tier 3 students also access Tier 1 and 2 supports","quote":"For example, in a layered approach a student receiving Tier 3 supports would also have access to supports at Tiers 1 and 2 (see Figure 3).","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["multi-tiered-system-of-support-mtss","tier-3-individualized-intensive-intervention"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Body para 1","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":34,"rects":[[0.33822,0.11876,0.5435,0.01532],[0.11765,0.1377,0.65945,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p034-02","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p034-02","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 34). Claim p034-02, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p034-02","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 34). Claim p034-02, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p034-02\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p034-02</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p034-02","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p034-03","page":34,"section":"considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction","type":"conclusion","title":"Tier 2 and 3 interventions should use similar language and support lower-tier practices","quote":"Language and intervention approaches should be aligned and complementary across tiers, meaning Tier 2 and 3 interventions should use similar language and support Tier 1 and 2 practices.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["multi-tiered-system-of-support-mtss"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Body para 1","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":34,"rects":[[0.7947,0.1377,0.08859,0.01532],[0.11765,0.15665,0.71448,0.01532],[0.11765,0.17559,0.76457,0.01532],[0.11765,0.19454,0.09716,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p034-03","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p034-03","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 34). Claim p034-03, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p034-03","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 34). Claim p034-03, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p034-03\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p034-03</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p034-03","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p034-04","page":34,"section":"considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction","type":"statement","title":"Practitioners may wonder how students with disabilities fit in a tiered framework","quote":"Within a multi-tiered framework such as this, practitioners may wonder how students with disabilities are meaningfully included (McIntosh & Goodman, 2016).","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["multi-tiered-system-of-support-mtss","students-with-disabilities-in-btam"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Body para 2","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":34,"rects":[[0.22461,0.19454,0.63241,0.01532],[0.11765,0.21348,0.75446,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p034-04","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p034-04","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 34). Claim p034-04, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p034-04","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 34). Claim p034-04, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p034-04\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p034-04</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p034-04","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p034-05","page":34,"section":"considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction","type":"evidence","title":"Two myths: Tier 3 equals special education, and SWD need only Tier 3 supports","quote":"Common misperceptions and “myths” include (a) believing that Tier 3 is special education and (b) that students in special education need only Tier 3 supports to be successful (Simonsen et al., 2020).","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["students-with-disabilities-in-btam","tier-3-individualized-intensive-intervention"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Body para 2","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":34,"rects":[[0.11765,0.23243,0.70845,0.01532],[0.11765,0.25137,0.72355,0.01532],[0.11765,0.27031,0.32367,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p034-05","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p034-05","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 34). Claim p034-05, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p034-05","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 34). Claim p034-05, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p034-05\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p034-05</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p034-05","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p034-06","page":34,"section":"considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction","type":"evidence","title":"Students with disabilities do best when included and supported across all tiers","quote":"In actuality, students with disabilities are best supported when they are meaningfully included and receive supports across all tiers (Cheney et al., 2004; Grasley-Boy et al., 2019; Tobin et al., 2012).","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["multi-tiered-system-of-support-mtss","students-with-disabilities-in-btam"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Body para 2","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":34,"rects":[[0.45891,0.27031,0.40403,0.01532],[0.11765,0.28926,0.74961,0.01532],[0.11765,0.3082,0.55542,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p034-06","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p034-06","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 34). Claim p034-06, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p034-06","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 34). Claim p034-06, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p034-06\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p034-06</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p034-06","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p035-01","page":35,"section":"considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction","type":"statement","title":"Figure 3 presents sample aligned practices to support students","quote":"FIGURE 3 | SAMPLE ALIGNED PRACTICES TO SUPPORT STUDENTS","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["integration-of-btam-with-mtss-pbis"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"figure: Figure 3","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"table row","page":35,"rects":[[0.06963,0.14141,0.09744,0.01535]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p035-01","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p035-01","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 35). Claim p035-01, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p035-01","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 35). Claim p035-01, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p035-01\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p035-01</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p035-01","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p035-02","page":35,"section":"considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction","type":"fact","title":"Four intensive intervention practices, including comprehensive assessments and wraparound","quote":"INTENSIVE INTERVENTION AND REPORTING • Comprehensive assessments (including functional behavioral assessments) • Individualized management and support plans • Individualized safety plans • Wraparound supports","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["individualized-support-and-management-plans","tier-3-individualized-intensive-intervention"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"figure: Figure 3","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":35,"rects":[[0.59722,0.20925,0.28091,0.01395],[0.59722,0.22354,0.10441,0.01395],[0.61176,0.24014,0.33704,0.01659],[0.62647,0.25649,0.28706,0.01379],[0.61176,0.2755,0.27812,0.01659],[0.62647,0.29185,0.11279,0.01379],[0.61176,0.31085,0.23314,0.01659],[0.61176,0.33105,0.19469,0.01659]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p035-02","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p035-02","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 35). Claim p035-02, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p035-02","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 35). Claim p035-02, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p035-02\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p035-02</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p035-02","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p035-03","page":35,"section":"considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction","type":"fact","title":"Eight targeted intervention practices, including small groups, Check-In/Check-Out and triage","quote":"EARLY IDENTIFICATION, ASSESSMENT, & TARGETED INTERVENTION • SEB skill development • Small groups (e.g., anger management, conflict resolution, social skills, trauma) • School-based mental health supports • Targeted supports for internalizing behaviors • Check-In/Check-Out • Triage • Safety checks • Bullying and harassment prevention","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["mental-health-supports","tier-2-targeted-intervention"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"figure: Figure 3","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":35,"rects":[[0.59645,0.38319,0.34095,0.01395],[0.59629,0.39748,0.25208,0.01395],[0.611,0.41408,0.1975,0.01659],[0.611,0.43428,0.33655,0.01659],[0.6257,0.45063,0.32425,0.01379],[0.611,0.46964,0.3218,0.01659],[0.611,0.48984,0.30018,0.01659],[0.6257,0.50619,0.08026,0.01379],[0.611,0.52519,0.18307,0.01659],[0.611,0.54539,0.06595,0.01659],[0.611,0.5656,0.12828,0.01659],[0.611,0.5858,0.30923,0.01659]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p035-03","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p035-03","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 35). Claim p035-03, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p035-03","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 35). Claim p035-03, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p035-03\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p035-03</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p035-03","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p035-04","page":35,"section":"considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction","type":"fact","title":"Nine awareness and prevention practices, including teaching reporting and suicide prevention","quote":"AWARENESS AND PREVENTION • Cultivate positive, connected, encouraging, unconditional relationships • Teach prosocial behavior • Enhanced SEB learning • Teach students how to recognize concerns in peers • Teach families how to recognize concerning behavior • Teach students and families how to report concerns as an act of caring • Bullying and harassment prevention • Suicide prevention • Mental health first aid","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["bystander-reporting-mechanisms","positive-school-climate","tier-1-universal-prevention"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"figure: Figure 3","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":35,"rects":[[0.59645,0.6371,0.27912,0.01395],[0.611,0.6537,0.25815,0.01659],[0.6257,0.67005,0.33403,0.01379],[0.611,0.68906,0.21956,0.01659],[0.611,0.70926,0.20531,0.01659],[0.611,0.72946,0.285,0.01659],[0.6257,0.74581,0.14417,0.01379],[0.611,0.76481,0.27742,0.01659],[0.6257,0.78117,0.16853,0.01379],[0.611,0.80017,0.30297,0.01659],[0.6257,0.81652,0.28623,0.01379],[0.611,0.83552,0.30923,0.01659],[0.611,0.85572,0.16802,0.01659],[0.611,0.87593,0.19314,0.01659]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p035-04","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p035-04","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 35). Claim p035-04, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p035-04","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 35). Claim p035-04, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p035-04\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p035-04</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p035-04","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p036-01","page":36,"section":"considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction","type":"statement","title":"Center on PBIS tier topic pages offer more information on supports across tiers","quote":"For more information on the various supports across the tiers, see the Center on PBIS’s Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3, topic pages.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["multi-tiered-system-of-support-mtss"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"callout: Resource box","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"clauses(all)","page":36,"rects":[[0.11765,0.09224,0.54797,0.01532],[0.67541,0.09224,0.15777,0.01532],[0.11765,0.11117,0.10493,0.01539]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p036-01","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p036-01","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 36). Claim p036-01, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p036-01","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 36). Claim p036-01, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p036-01\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p036-01</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p036-01","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p036-02","page":36,"section":"considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction","type":"statement","title":"Tier 3 student, school and district systems guides cover intensive individualized supports","quote":"For more guidance on intensive and individualized supports, see the Tier 3 Student-level Systems Guide, Tier 3 School-level Systems Guide, and Tier 3 District-level Systems Guide.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["tier-3-individualized-intensive-intervention"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"callout: Resource box","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"clauses(all)","page":36,"rects":[[0.52344,0.11118,0.32031,0.01532],[0.11764,0.13012,0.20729,0.01532],[0.33473,0.13012,0.38108,0.01532],[0.73545,0.13012,0.12364,0.01532],[0.11765,0.14906,0.17749,0.01532],[0.31493,0.14906,0.34349,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p036-02","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p036-02","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 36). Claim p036-02, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p036-02","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 36). Claim p036-02, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p036-02\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p036-02</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p036-02","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p036-03","page":36,"section":"considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction","type":"evidence","title":"CISA and Secret Service 2023 toolkit guides creating central bystander reporting systems","quote":"For strategies and guidance on creating and enhancing a central reporting system, see Improving School Safety Through Bystander Reporting: A Toolkit for Strengthening K-12 Reporting Programs (Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency & U.S. Secret Service, 2023).","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["bystander-reporting-mechanisms"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"callout: Resource box","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"clauses(2/3)","page":36,"rects":[[0.67882,0.14906,0.16176,0.01532],[0.11766,0.168,0.56358,0.01532],[0.69103,0.16799,0.12566,0.01539],[0.11766,0.18693,0.39114,0.01539]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p036-03","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p036-03","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 36). Claim p036-03, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p036-03","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 36). Claim p036-03, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p036-03\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p036-03</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p036-03","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p036-04","page":36,"section":"considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction","type":"statement","title":"BTAM team planning for at-risk student reviews inventory of school resources across tiers","quote":"A BTAM team is developing an individualized management and support plan for a student who poses a risk of harm to themselves or others. As part of the planning process, the team reviews an inventory of existing school-based resources that can be leveraged across tiers (e.g., counselor-led groups, targeted interventions, functional behavioral assessment and planning, scheduling changes).","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["individualized-support-and-management-plans","integration-of-btam-with-mtss-pbis"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"callout: School example","case":true,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":36,"rects":[[0.35639,0.3312,0.58026,0.01393],[0.35639,0.34888,0.55141,0.01393],[0.35639,0.36655,0.52802,0.01393],[0.35639,0.38423,0.58052,0.01393],[0.35639,0.40191,0.53988,0.01393],[0.35639,0.41958,0.37239,0.01393]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p036-04","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p036-04","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 36). Claim p036-04, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p036-04","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 36). Claim p036-04, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p036-04\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p036-04</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p036-04","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p036-05","page":36,"section":"considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction","type":"conclusion","title":"Linking the support plan to existing tiered supports makes BTAM planning more efficient","quote":"By working to link the management and support plan to current Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3 supports based upon the student’s behaviors, needs, strengths, and stressors, the BTAM team enhances efficiency in its development of an individualized plan.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["individualized-support-and-management-plans","integration-of-btam-with-mtss-pbis"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"callout: School example","case":true,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":36,"rects":[[0.74444,0.41958,0.14621,0.01393],[0.35639,0.43726,0.55723,0.01393],[0.35639,0.45494,0.54751,0.01393],[0.16585,0.47262,0.72676,0.01393]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p036-05","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p036-05","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 36). Claim p036-05, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p036-05","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 36). Claim p036-05, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p036-05\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p036-05</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p036-05","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p036-06","page":36,"section":"considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction","type":"conclusion","title":"MTSS/PBIS effectiveness documentation helps BTAM team choose effective practices for plan","quote":"As well, because the MTSS/PBIS teams have worked to document evidence of effectiveness for all interventions and supports, the BTAM team is better positioned to select effective practices as it tailors the plan to the student.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["data-based-decision-making","integration-of-btam-with-mtss-pbis"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"callout: School example","case":true,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":36,"rects":[[0.16585,0.49029,0.74288,0.01393],[0.16585,0.50797,0.71446,0.01393],[0.16585,0.52565,0.35741,0.01393]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p036-06","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p036-06","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 36). Claim p036-06, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p036-06","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 36). Claim p036-06, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p036-06\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p036-06</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p036-06","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p036-07","page":36,"section":"considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction","type":"statement","title":"District trains all school safety specialists in de-escalation and as CICO implementers","quote":"A district is implementing the targeted intervention Check-In/Check-Out (CICO) as part of its Tier 2 supports. The district’s coordinator for MTSS/PBIS partners with the district’s director of district safety and security to have all of the school safety specialists on staff across the district trained in de-escalation techniques and as CICO implementers.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["professional-development-and-training","tier-2-targeted-intervention"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"callout: District example","case":true,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":36,"rects":[[0.30737,0.67977,0.58797,0.01393],[0.30737,0.69744,0.58721,0.01393],[0.30737,0.71512,0.58777,0.01393],[0.30737,0.7328,0.59153,0.01393],[0.30737,0.75047,0.44248,0.01393]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p036-07","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p036-07","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 36). Claim p036-07, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p036-07","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 36). Claim p036-07, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p036-07\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p036-07</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p036-07","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p036-08","page":36,"section":"considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction","type":"statement","title":"Safety specialists check in with targeted students at start and end of each day","quote":"In this capacity, they check in with students with targeted needs at the start of the day to provide encouragement before class and again at the end of the day to provide a positive touchpoint before the student leaves.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["tier-2-targeted-intervention"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"callout: District example","case":true,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":36,"rects":[[0.75875,0.75047,0.12532,0.01393],[0.30737,0.76815,0.57172,0.01393],[0.30737,0.78583,0.5769,0.01393],[0.30737,0.8035,0.47045,0.01393]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p036-08","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p036-08","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 36). Claim p036-08, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p036-08","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 36). Claim p036-08, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p036-08\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p036-08</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p036-08","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p036-09","page":36,"section":"considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction","type":"conclusion","title":"Regular CICO feedback builds rapport, raising engagement and reducing student isolation","quote":"Through this process of regular feedback, the school safety specialists build rapport and relationships with students which helps increase engagement, decrease isolation, and promote a system for the student to proactively seek support from an adult.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["positive-school-climate","tier-2-targeted-intervention"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"callout: District example","case":true,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":36,"rects":[[0.78673,0.8035,0.1022,0.01393],[0.11683,0.82118,0.7554,0.01393],[0.11683,0.83886,0.75404,0.01393],[0.11683,0.85653,0.40274,0.01393]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p036-09","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p036-09","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 36). Claim p036-09, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p036-09","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 36). Claim p036-09, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p036-09\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p036-09</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p036-09","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p037-01","page":37,"section":"considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction","type":"statement","title":"Collecting and using data for decisions is critical to multi-tiered prevention","quote":"The collection and use of data for decision-making are critical to multi-tiered prevention efforts.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["data-based-decision-making","multi-tiered-system-of-support-mtss"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Data to guide decision-making para 1","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":37,"rects":[[0.11765,0.12149,0.68385,0.01532],[0.11765,0.14043,0.15955,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p037-01","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p037-01","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 37). Claim p037-01, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p037-01","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 37). Claim p037-01, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p037-01\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p037-01</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p037-01","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p037-02","page":37,"section":"considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction","type":"definition","title":"Teams at all tiers should consider fidelity data, i.e. implementation as intended","quote":"At all tiers, teams should consider two primary sources of information. The first is fidelity data. That is, to what extent were the plans or interventions implemented as intended?","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["data-based-decision-making"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Data to guide decision-making para 1","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":37,"rects":[[0.28699,0.14043,0.51178,0.01532],[0.11765,0.15938,0.6858,0.01532],[0.11765,0.17832,0.34809,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p037-02","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p037-02","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 37). Claim p037-02, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p037-02","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 37). Claim p037-02, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p037-02\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p037-02</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p037-02","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p037-03","page":37,"section":"considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction","type":"definition","title":"Outcome data show whether students benefit from interventions or plans","quote":"The second is outcome data. That is, to what extent are students benefiting from the interventions or plans?","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["data-based-decision-making"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Data to guide decision-making para 1","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":37,"rects":[[0.48079,0.17832,0.25596,0.01532],[0.11765,0.19727,0.69082,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p037-03","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p037-03","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 37). Claim p037-03, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p037-03","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 37). Claim p037-03, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p037-03\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p037-03</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p037-03","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p037-04","page":37,"section":"considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction","type":"statement","title":"Fidelity and outcome data together can guide continuous improvement","quote":"Together, these data sources can guide a continuous improvement model (see Table 3).","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["data-based-decision-making"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Data to guide decision-making para 1","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":37,"rects":[[0.11765,0.21621,0.74875,0.01532],[0.11765,0.23516,0.01102,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p037-04","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p037-04","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 37). Claim p037-04, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p037-04","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 37). Claim p037-04, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p037-04\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p037-04</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p037-04","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p037-05","page":37,"section":"considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction","type":"statement","title":"Improvement starts with data to set goals, choose practices, and find barriers","quote":"This process begins with teams using data to understand the current context and identify goals and objectives for improvement and specific evidence-based practices aligned with those goals. Next, teams use data to identify supports and barriers to improvement and develop systems to support the implementation of selected practices.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["data-based-decision-making"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Data to guide decision-making para 2","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":37,"rects":[[0.14626,0.23516,0.68471,0.01532],[0.11765,0.2541,0.70755,0.01532],[0.11765,0.27305,0.72089,0.01532],[0.11765,0.29199,0.7114,0.01532],[0.11765,0.31094,0.16119,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p037-05","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p037-05","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 37). Claim p037-05, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p037-05","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 37). Claim p037-05, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p037-05\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p037-05</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p037-05","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p037-06","page":37,"section":"considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction","type":"statement","title":"Teams monitor implementation fidelity so all students access it before judging effect","quote":"Then, the team implements the plans and monitors the extent to which they are implemented as intended. This ensures that all students can access the intervention before determining its effectiveness.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["data-based-decision-making"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Data to guide decision-making para 2","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":37,"rects":[[0.28863,0.31094,0.57351,0.01532],[0.11765,0.32988,0.73232,0.01532],[0.11765,0.34882,0.46685,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p037-06","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p037-06","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 37). Claim p037-06, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p037-06","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 37). Claim p037-06, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p037-06\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p037-06</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p037-06","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p037-07","page":37,"section":"considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction","type":"statement","title":"Teams finally evaluate effectiveness and set new goals as the cycle continues","quote":"Finally, teams evaluate the effectiveness of the plans and ensure all students are benefiting as expected. New goals and objectives are identified as needed, and the process continues.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["data-based-decision-making"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Data to guide decision-making para 2","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":37,"rects":[[0.59429,0.34882,0.23472,0.01532],[0.11765,0.36777,0.73011,0.01532],[0.11765,0.38671,0.64614,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p037-07","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p037-07","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 37). 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Claim p037-07, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p037-07\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p037-07</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p037-07","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p037-08","page":37,"section":"considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction","type":"conclusion","title":"Data must improve student outcomes, not punish educators or students","quote":"All data must be used to promote improved student outcomes and not punish educators or students for failed implementation or outcomes.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["data-based-decision-making"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Data to guide decision-making para 3","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":37,"rects":[[0.11765,0.4227,0.69556,0.01532],[0.11765,0.44164,0.54394,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p037-08","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p037-08","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 37). Claim p037-08, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p037-08","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 37). Claim p037-08, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p037-08\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p037-08</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p037-08","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p037-09","page":37,"section":"considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction","type":"conclusion","title":"If goals unmet, teams should reassess barriers and boost supports or plan intensity","quote":"If implementation goals or student outcomes are not realized, teams should return to the process of evaluating strengths and barriers in the system and adjust the plans by increasing implementation supports or increasing the intensity of the plan’s components.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["data-based-decision-making","individualized-support-and-management-plans"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Data to guide decision-making para 3","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":37,"rects":[[0.67138,0.44164,0.15749,0.01532],[0.11765,0.46059,0.72678,0.01532],[0.11765,0.47953,0.72601,0.01532],[0.11765,0.49848,0.69184,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p037-09","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p037-09","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 37). Claim p037-09, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p037-09","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 37). Claim p037-09, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p037-09\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p037-09</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p037-09","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p037-10","page":37,"section":"considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction","type":"conclusion","title":"MTSS data use can help BTAM teams understand behavior context and monitor plans","quote":"Using data for decision-making within this framework can support BTAM teams by facilitating access to a range of data sources that can be used to fully understand the context of any concerning behaviors and systems for monitoring the implementation and effectiveness of support and management plans when needed.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["data-based-decision-making","integration-of-btam-with-mtss-pbis"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Data to guide decision-making para 4","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":37,"rects":[[0.53155,0.55521,0.33827,0.01532],[0.11765,0.57415,0.71855,0.01532],[0.11765,0.5931,0.76147,0.01532],[0.11765,0.61204,0.7231,0.01532],[0.11765,0.63099,0.29601,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p037-10","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p037-10","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 37). Claim p037-10, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p037-10","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 37). Claim p037-10, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p037-10\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p037-10</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p037-10","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p038-01","page":38,"section":"considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction","type":"statement","title":"Fidelity data at each tier include team assessment of MTSS/PBIS implementation such as the TFI","quote":"Team assessment of MTSS/PBIS implementation (e.g., Tiered Fidelity Inventory [TFI]) | • Team assessment of MTSS/PBIS implementation (e.g., TFI) • Fidelity measures for specific interventions | • Team assessment of MTSS/PBIS implementation (e.g., TFI) • Individual management and support plan fidelity monitoring","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["data-based-decision-making","implementation-fidelity-and-effectiveness-evidence","integration-of-btam-with-mtss-pbis"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"table: Table 3","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"table row","page":38,"rects":[[0.06907,0.27945,0.0161,0.00748]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p038-01","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p038-01","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 38). Claim p038-01, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p038-01","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 38). Claim p038-01, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p038-01\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p038-01</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p038-01","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p038-02","page":38,"section":"considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction","type":"statement","title":"Fidelity data also include measures for specific practices and BTAM and MTSS/PBIS teams","quote":"Fidelity measures for specific practices | • BTAM and other MTSS/PBIS teams","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["data-based-decision-making","integration-of-btam-with-mtss-pbis"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"table: Table 3","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"table row","page":38,"rects":[[0.06907,0.326,0.52765,0.01253]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p038-02","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p038-02","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 38). Claim p038-02, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p038-02","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 38). Claim p038-02, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p038-02\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p038-02</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p038-02","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p038-03","page":38,"section":"considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction","type":"statement","title":"Tier 1 outcome data include climate surveys, community data and behavior referrals","quote":"School climate surveys • Community data • Behavior referrals","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["data-based-decision-making","tier-1-universal-prevention"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"table: Table 3","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":38,"rects":[[0.1233,0.37824,0.1662,0.01253],[0.11186,0.39844,0.13338,0.01253],[0.11186,0.41865,0.13995,0.01253]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p038-03","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p038-03","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 38). Claim p038-03, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p038-03","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 38). Claim p038-03, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p038-03\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p038-03</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p038-03","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p038-04","page":38,"section":"considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction","type":"statement","title":"Outcome data include SEB screeners, intervention progress monitoring and support plan goal tracking","quote":"Universal SEB screeners • Intervention-specific progress monitoring and outcome data • Individual management and support plan progress monitoring toward individualized goals and objectives","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["data-based-decision-making","individualized-support-and-management-plans"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"table: Table 3","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":38,"rects":[[0.1233,0.43885,0.17516,0.01253],[0.37583,0.37825,0.22913,0.01253],[0.38727,0.3934,0.21823,0.01253],[0.66015,0.37825,0.18276,0.01253],[0.6716,0.3934,0.19259,0.01253],[0.6716,0.40855,0.13584,0.01253],[0.6716,0.42369,0.17569,0.01253],[0.6716,0.43884,0.07426,0.01253]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p038-04","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p038-04","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 38). Claim p038-04, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p038-04","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 38). Claim p038-04, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p038-04\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p038-04</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p038-04","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p039-01","page":39,"section":"considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction","type":"statement","title":"Example BTAM team builds plan for student with grievance stemming from bullying","quote":"A BTAM team is building a management and support plan for a student whose motivation is grievance-based due to experiences with bullying and harassment.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["bullying-and-harassment-prevention","individualized-support-and-management-plans"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"callout: School Example: Data for Decision-Making","case":true,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":39,"rects":[[0.35803,0.17196,0.5779,0.01393],[0.35803,0.18963,0.56898,0.01393],[0.35803,0.20731,0.12846,0.01393]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p039-01","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p039-01","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 39). Claim p039-01, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p039-01","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 39). Claim p039-01, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p039-01\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p039-01</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p039-01","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p039-02","page":39,"section":"considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction","type":"statement","title":"BTAM team obtains Tier 1 bullying data on locations, times and involved peers to guide plan","quote":"The team connects with the MTSS/PBIS Tier 1 team to get information on the reported bullying and harassment events so that it can use the data regarding locations, times, others involved, bullying behaviors, etc. to guide its decision-making and more effectively address factors of concern for the student, direct resources to address the student’s motives, and create an environment in which violence is less likely.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["bullying-and-harassment-prevention","data-based-decision-making","two-way-communication-between-teams"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"callout: School Example: Data for Decision-Making","case":true,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":39,"rects":[[0.49539,0.20731,0.41424,0.01393],[0.35803,0.22499,0.54061,0.01393],[0.35803,0.24266,0.56308,0.01393],[0.35803,0.26034,0.59238,0.01393],[0.35803,0.27802,0.57027,0.01393],[0.35803,0.29569,0.56155,0.01393],[0.16749,0.31337,0.07609,0.01393]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p039-02","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p039-02","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 39). Claim p039-02, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p039-02","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 39). Claim p039-02, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p039-02\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p039-02</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p039-02","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p039-03","page":39,"section":"considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction","type":"statement","title":"Team modifies student's schedule to reduce contact with peers who bullied them","quote":"The BTAM team uses the information to guide modifications to the student’s daily schedule to reduce the likelihood it will have contact with the students perpetrating the bullying and harassment.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["individualized-support-and-management-plans"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"callout: School Example: Data for Decision-Making","case":true,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":39,"rects":[[0.2511,0.31337,0.66207,0.01393],[0.16749,0.33105,0.77868,0.01393],[0.16749,0.34872,0.12846,0.01393]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p039-03","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p039-03","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 39). Claim p039-03, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p039-03","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 39). Claim p039-03, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p039-03\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p039-03</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p039-03","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p039-04","page":39,"section":"considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction","type":"statement","title":"BTAM and Tier 2 teams place student in counselor-led social skills group","quote":"As well, the BTAM team works collaboratively with the MTSS/PBIS Tier 2 team to include the student in an existing social skills group led by the counselor to receive additional instruction and support their identified SEB needs (e.g., anger management, conflict resolution, social skills).","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["integration-of-btam-with-mtss-pbis","tier-2-targeted-intervention"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"callout: School Example: Data for Decision-Making","case":true,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":39,"rects":[[0.30485,0.34872,0.6319,0.01393],[0.16749,0.3664,0.77746,0.01393],[0.16749,0.38408,0.77107,0.01393],[0.16749,0.40175,0.08944,0.01393]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p039-04","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p039-04","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 39). Claim p039-04, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p039-04","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 39). Claim p039-04, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p039-04\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p039-04</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p039-04","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p039-05","page":39,"section":"considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction","type":"statement","title":"Tier 1 team keeps sharing new bullying reports with BTAM team after plan starts","quote":"Following implementation of a management and support plan, the MTSS/PBIS Tier 1 team continues to share data on new reports of bullying and harassment with the BTAM team so that it can stay aware and informed as they work to support the student.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["two-way-communication-between-teams"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"callout: School Example: Data for Decision-Making","case":true,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":39,"rects":[[0.2726,0.40175,0.6805,0.01393],[0.16749,0.41943,0.7809,0.01393],[0.16749,0.43711,0.58372,0.01393]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p039-05","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p039-05","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 39). Claim p039-05, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p039-05","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 39). Claim p039-05, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p039-05\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p039-05</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p039-05","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p039-06","page":39,"section":"considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction","type":"statement","title":"Tier 2 fidelity and outcome data used by BTAM team to progress monitor the plan","quote":"The MTSS/PBIS Tier 2 team shares both fidelity and outcome data for the social skills group which the BTAM team uses during its meeting to progress monitor implementation of the management and support plan and the student’s level of success.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["data-based-decision-making","individualized-support-and-management-plans"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"callout: School Example: Data for Decision-Making","case":true,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":39,"rects":[[0.76011,0.43711,0.17673,0.01393],[0.16749,0.45478,0.78492,0.01393],[0.16749,0.47246,0.75482,0.01393],[0.16749,0.49014,0.27027,0.01393]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p039-06","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p039-06","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 39). Claim p039-06, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p039-06","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 39). Claim p039-06, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p039-06\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p039-06</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p039-06","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p040-01","page":40,"section":"considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction","type":"statement","title":"In the example, BTAM and MTSS/PBIS teams all help build a safe, positive school climate","quote":"The BTAM team and the MTSS/PBIS teams all play an active role in creating and sustaining a safe and positive school climate with a culture of respect, trust, and support for students’ social-emotional well-being.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["integration-of-btam-with-mtss-pbis","positive-school-climate"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"callout: School Example: Data for Decision-Making","case":true,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":40,"rects":[[0.25018,0.60906,0.61161,0.01393],[0.25018,0.62674,0.60122,0.01393],[0.25018,0.64441,0.48042,0.01393]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p040-01","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p040-01","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 40). Claim p040-01, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p040-01","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 40). Claim p040-01, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p040-01\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p040-01</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p040-01","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p040-02","page":40,"section":"considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction","type":"statement","title":"Team leaders and admins review climate data on student connectedness, support, safety, order","quote":"Leaders from the respective teams work collaboratively with school administrators to review data from the current school climate survey. Together, they analyze data on students’ perceptions of feeling connected to the school, supported by adults in the school, their own safety at school, and their perceptions regarding order and discipline at school.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["data-based-decision-making","positive-school-climate"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"callout: School Example: Data for Decision-Making","case":true,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":40,"rects":[[0.73951,0.64441,0.10761,0.01393],[0.25018,0.66209,0.57814,0.01393],[0.25018,0.67977,0.60091,0.01393],[0.25018,0.69744,0.61707,0.01393],[0.25018,0.71512,0.58355,0.01393],[0.25018,0.7328,0.32253,0.01393]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p040-02","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p040-02","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 40). Claim p040-02, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p040-02","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 40). Claim p040-02, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p040-02\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p040-02</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p040-02","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p040-03","page":40,"section":"considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction","type":"statement","title":"They also review staff safety views and parent views on safety, support and fairness","quote":"Additionally, they analyze data from staff on their perceptions of their own safety at school and examines data on parents’ perceptions of their student’s safety at school as well as their perceptions of the degree to which their student is supported and treated fairly by adults within the school.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["data-based-decision-making"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"callout: School Example: Data for Decision-Making","case":true,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":40,"rects":[[0.58162,0.7328,0.29171,0.01393],[0.05801,0.75047,0.79388,0.01393],[0.05801,0.76815,0.79332,0.01393],[0.05801,0.78583,0.46802,0.01393]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p040-03","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p040-03","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 40). Claim p040-03, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p040-03","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 40). Claim p040-03, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p040-03\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p040-03</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p040-03","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p040-04","page":40,"section":"considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction","type":"statement","title":"In the example, the group knows positive climate is directly tied to students' willingness to report","quote":"The group knows that a positive school climate is directly related to student willingness to share and report concerning and/or threatening behaviors.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["bystander-reporting-mechanisms","positive-school-climate"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"callout: School Example: Data for Decision-Making","case":true,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":40,"rects":[[0.53493,0.78583,0.31818,0.01393],[0.05801,0.8035,0.79911,0.01393],[0.05801,0.82118,0.07892,0.01393]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p040-04","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p040-04","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 40). Claim p040-04, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p040-04","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 40). Claim p040-04, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p040-04\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p040-04</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p040-04","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p040-05","page":40,"section":"considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction","type":"statement","title":"The group creates an action plan to help staff build trusting relationships with students","quote":"Collectively, the group establishes an action plan designed to support all staff with building positive, trusting relationships with students and which outlines practices and resources that can foster an environment where students feel seen, heard, connected, and respected.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["positive-school-climate","tier-1-universal-prevention"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"callout: School Example: Data for Decision-Making","case":true,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":40,"rects":[[0.14584,0.82118,0.6678,0.01393],[0.05801,0.83886,0.81899,0.01393],[0.05801,0.85653,0.69326,0.01393]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p040-05","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction#p040-05","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 40). Claim p040-05, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p040-05","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 40). 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FAPE is supported through a team-based program development process, and programming must be designed to enable academic and behavioral progress in light of the student’s circumstances.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["idea-and-section-504-protections"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Body para 3","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":42,"rects":[[0.60718,0.26679,0.23193,0.01532],[0.11765,0.28573,0.7078,0.01532],[0.11765,0.30468,0.69709,0.01532],[0.11765,0.32362,0.64901,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p042-05","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process#p042-05","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 42). Claim p042-05, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p042-05","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 42). Claim p042-05, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p042-05\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p042-05</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process#p042-05","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p042-06","page":42,"section":"considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process","type":"evidence","title":"Federal regulation requires IEP teams to consider PBIS when behavior impedes learning","quote":"When a student’s behavior interferes with their learning or the learning of others, the team must meet to “consider positive behavioral interventions and supports and other strategies to address the behavior” (34 C.F.R. § 300.324(a)(2), 2024, Development, review, and revision of IEP).","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["idea-and-section-504-protections","iep-team-coordination"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Body para 3","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":42,"rects":[[0.77646,0.32362,0.06848,0.01532],[0.11765,0.34256,0.73252,0.01532],[0.11765,0.36151,0.71844,0.01532],[0.11765,0.38044,0.74052,0.01539],[0.11765,0.39938,0.23157,0.01539]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p042-06","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process#p042-06","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 42). Claim p042-06, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p042-06","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 42). Claim p042-06, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p042-06\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p042-06</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process#p042-06","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p042-07","page":42,"section":"considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process","type":"evidence","title":"SWD have disciplinary protections when removed from school or placement changes","quote":"SWD are also entitled to disciplinary protections in cases where they are removed from school, or their placement is changed.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["idea-and-section-504-protections"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Body para 4","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":42,"rects":[[0.36682,0.3994,0.50697,0.01532],[0.11765,0.41834,0.60345,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p042-07","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process#p042-07","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 42). Claim p042-07, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p042-07","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 42). Claim p042-07, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p042-07\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p042-07</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process#p042-07","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p042-08","page":42,"section":"considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process","type":"conjecture","title":"Though non-disciplinary, BTAM may coincide with discipline or placement changes affecting SWD","quote":"While BTAM focuses on early intervention and proactive supports and is not intended to be a disciplinary process, it is important to recognize that it may coincide with disciplinary measures or temporary changes in placement that have implications for SWD.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["exclusionary-discipline-and-zero-tolerance","idea-and-section-504-protections"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Body para 4","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":42,"rects":[[0.11765,0.45433,0.76184,0.01532],[0.11765,0.47327,0.72103,0.01532],[0.11765,0.49222,0.74672,0.01532],[0.11765,0.51116,0.04501,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p042-08","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process#p042-08","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 42). Claim p042-08, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p042-08","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 42). Claim p042-08, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p042-08\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p042-08</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process#p042-08","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p042-09","page":42,"section":"considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process","type":"statement","title":"BTAM operates alongside and does not supersede special education protections","quote":"The BTAM process operates alongside special education protections and does not replace or supersede these protections.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["idea-and-section-504-protections"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Body para 4","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":42,"rects":[[0.17173,0.51116,0.69605,0.01532],[0.11765,0.53011,0.38358,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p042-09","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process#p042-09","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 42). Claim p042-09, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p042-09","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 42). Claim p042-09, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p042-09\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p042-09</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process#p042-09","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p042-10","page":42,"section":"considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process","type":"conclusion","title":"Supporting SWD starts with an MTSS fostering belonging that enables early identification","quote":"Supporting SWD begins by establishing a strong multi-tiered system of support that promotes a culture of connectedness and belonging for all students. This culture provides the foundation for the early identification of needs and timely and effective interventions for students regardless of IDEA or 504 status.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["multi-tiered-system-of-support-mtss","positive-school-climate","students-with-disabilities-in-btam"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Body para 5","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":42,"rects":[[0.11765,0.56609,0.35449,0.01532],[0.11765,0.58504,0.34989,0.01532],[0.11765,0.60398,0.37286,0.01532],[0.11765,0.62293,0.31269,0.01532],[0.11765,0.64187,0.34601,0.01532],[0.11765,0.66081,0.34761,0.01532],[0.11765,0.67976,0.3505,0.01532],[0.11765,0.6987,0.29101,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p042-10","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process#p042-10","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 42). Claim p042-10, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p042-10","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 42). Claim p042-10, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p042-10\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p042-10</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process#p042-10","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p042-11","page":42,"section":"considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process","type":"conjecture","title":"Early identification and intervention can prevent or reduce later intensive support needs","quote":"Early identification and intervention can prevent or reduce the need for more intensive support later.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["tier-2-targeted-intervention"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Body para 5","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":42,"rects":[[0.41845,0.6987,0.04508,0.01532],[0.11765,0.71765,0.30548,0.01532],[0.11765,0.73659,0.3252,0.01532],[0.11765,0.75554,0.1997,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p042-11","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process#p042-11","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 42). Claim p042-11, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p042-11","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 42). Claim p042-11, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p042-11\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p042-11</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process#p042-11","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p042-12","page":42,"section":"considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process","type":"conclusion","title":"Teams should ensure SWD are fully included in and benefit from all MTSS/PBIS tiers","quote":"As part of their MTSS/PBIS implementation process, teams should ensure that SWD are fully included in and benefiting from all tiers of interventions.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["multi-tiered-system-of-support-mtss","students-with-disabilities-in-btam"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Body para 5","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":42,"rects":[[0.32553,0.75554,0.1354,0.01532],[0.11765,0.77448,0.32489,0.01532],[0.11765,0.79343,0.35174,0.01532],[0.11765,0.81237,0.37306,0.01532],[0.11765,0.83131,0.11606,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p042-12","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process#p042-12","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 42). Claim p042-12, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p042-12","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 42). Claim p042-12, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p042-12\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p042-12</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process#p042-12","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p042-13","page":42,"section":"considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process","type":"statement","title":"Teams can take further actions to protect and support SWD whenever BTAM is involved","quote":"In addition to establishing a strong system of preventative support, teams can take further actions to ensure SWD are supported and protected whenever BTAM is involved.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["students-with-disabilities-in-btam"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Body para 6","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":42,"rects":[[0.2435,0.83131,0.23098,0.01532],[0.11765,0.85026,0.36104,0.01532],[0.11765,0.8692,0.35962,0.01532],[0.11765,0.88815,0.30816,0.01532],[0.11765,0.90709,0.24311,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p042-13","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process#p042-13","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 42). Claim p042-13, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p042-13","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 42). Claim p042-13, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p042-13\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p042-13</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process#p042-13","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p043-01","page":43,"section":"considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process","type":"statement","title":"Report offers considerations so teams support SWD in BTAM and know required protections","quote":"The following considerations are recommended for school teams to ensure SWD are effectively supported during the BTAM process. Additionally, they are provided to help teams understand the specific protections that must be afforded to SWD and when those may apply.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["students-with-disabilities-in-btam"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Intro para","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":43,"rects":[[0.11765,0.09224,0.74994,0.01532],[0.11765,0.11118,0.72723,0.01532],[0.11765,0.13013,0.73388,0.01532],[0.11765,0.14907,0.20136,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p043-01","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process#p043-01","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 43). Claim p043-01, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p043-01","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 43). Claim p043-01, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p043-01\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p043-01</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process#p043-01","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p043-02","page":43,"section":"considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process","type":"conclusion","title":"BTAM team must include special education law expertise, even for non-identified students","quote":"The BTAM team must include one or more individual(s) with knowledge of federal and state special education laws and regulations, even if the referred student is not currently identified as having a disability.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["multidisciplinary-team-composition-and-teaming","students-with-disabilities-in-btam"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Teaming para 1","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":43,"rects":[[0.11765,0.22418,0.66147,0.01532],[0.11765,0.24313,0.67859,0.01532],[0.11765,0.26207,0.48806,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p043-02","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process#p043-02","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 43). Claim p043-02, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p043-02","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 43). Claim p043-02, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p043-02\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p043-02</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process#p043-02","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p043-03","page":43,"section":"considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process","type":"conjecture","title":"Special education expertise can clarify requirements and help prevent over-referral","quote":"This individual can help the team understand procedural requirements (e.g., relevant timelines, evaluation procedures) and substantive requirements (e.g., when to convene the entire IEP team, interpretation of previous evaluations, the applicability of change of placement determinations). This expertise can help protect against over-referral to special education and ensure appropriate protections are in place throughout the BTAM process.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["idea-and-section-504-protections","multidisciplinary-team-composition-and-teaming"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Teaming para 1","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":43,"rects":[[0.61397,0.26207,0.2083,0.01532],[0.11765,0.28102,0.72231,0.01532],[0.11765,0.29996,0.70894,0.01532],[0.11765,0.31891,0.75797,0.01532],[0.11765,0.33785,0.70345,0.01532],[0.11765,0.35679,0.65814,0.01532],[0.11765,0.37574,0.12668,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p043-03","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process#p043-03","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 43). Claim p043-03, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p043-03","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 43). Claim p043-03, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p043-03\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p043-03</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process#p043-03","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p043-04","page":43,"section":"considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process","type":"conclusion","title":"Key members of a student's IEP/504 or evaluation team must join that student's BTAM process","quote":"In the case of a BTAM referral for a student who currently has an IEP or 504 plan or is currently in the evaluation process, key members of that student’s individualized team must be included in the BTAM process.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["iep-team-coordination"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Teaming para 2","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":43,"rects":[[0.11765,0.41173,0.76133,0.01532],[0.11765,0.43067,0.76622,0.01532],[0.11765,0.44961,0.34155,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p043-04","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process#p043-04","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 43). Claim p043-04, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p043-04","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 43). Claim p043-04, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p043-04\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p043-04</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process#p043-04","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p043-05","page":43,"section":"considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process","type":"conclusion","title":"Full IEP team should meet at threat assessment to review IEP, changes and evaluations like FBA","quote":"Anytime behaviors of a SWD rise to the level of a threat assessment, the full IEP team, including the parents and student (if over age 15), should meet to review the IEP, consider necessary changes to appropriately address the student’s behavior(s) and needs, and any needed evaluations (e.g., FBA).","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["iep-team-coordination"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Teaming para 2","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":43,"rects":[[0.46899,0.44961,0.39839,0.01532],[0.11765,0.46856,0.7367,0.01532],[0.11765,0.4875,0.74744,0.01532],[0.11765,0.50645,0.74602,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p043-05","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process#p043-05","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 43). Claim p043-05, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p043-05","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 43). Claim p043-05, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p043-05\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p043-05</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process#p043-05","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p043-06","page":43,"section":"considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process","type":"conclusion","title":"BTAM referrals for SWD should follow schoolwide procedures plus IEP team involvement","quote":"In general, BTAM procedures for identifying student concerns should be fully inclusive of SWD. That is, BTAM referrals for SWD should follow the same schoolwide procedures as for any other student, but with the inclusion of the student’s IEP team in the threat assessment process.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["iep-team-coordination","students-with-disabilities-in-btam"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Identification para 1","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":43,"rects":[[0.11765,0.58151,0.68286,0.01532],[0.11765,0.60045,0.75754,0.01532],[0.11765,0.6194,0.75148,0.01532],[0.11765,0.63834,0.29121,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p043-06","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process#p043-06","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 43). Claim p043-06, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p043-06","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 43). Claim p043-06, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p043-06\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p043-06</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process#p043-06","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p043-07","page":43,"section":"considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process","type":"conclusion","title":"SWD should be included in schoolwide screening and data systems used for risk and referrals","quote":"SWD should be included in any existing schoolwide screening or data systems MTSS/PBIS or BTAM teams use to assess risk or make referrals. This ensures that teams can access the information they need to make informed decisions.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["data-based-decision-making","students-with-disabilities-in-btam"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Identification para 1","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":43,"rects":[[0.41865,0.63834,0.45862,0.01532],[0.11765,0.65728,0.71645,0.01532],[0.11765,0.67623,0.70901,0.01532],[0.11765,0.69517,0.16904,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p043-07","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process#p043-07","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 43). Claim p043-07, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p043-07","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 43). Claim p043-07, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p043-07\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p043-07</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process#p043-07","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p043-08","page":43,"section":"considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process","type":"evidence","title":"SWD, especially of color, are more likely referred for concerning behavior, per cited studies","quote":"However, it is also important to recognize that SWD, especially those of color, are more likely to be referred for concerning behavior (Burnette et al., 2020; Cornell et al., 2018).","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["equitable-implementation-and-disparities","students-with-disabilities-in-btam"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Identification para 2","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":43,"rects":[[0.29649,0.69517,0.55746,0.01532],[0.11765,0.71412,0.75326,0.01532],[0.11765,0.73306,0.21957,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p043-08","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process#p043-08","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 43). Claim p043-08, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p043-08","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 43). Claim p043-08, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p043-08\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p043-08</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process#p043-08","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p043-09","page":43,"section":"considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process","type":"conclusion","title":"Teams should monitor referrals and outcomes to prevent SWD overrepresentation in BTAM","quote":"Teams should monitor referrals and outcomes to ensure SWD are not overrepresented in BTAM procedures.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["equitable-implementation-and-disparities","students-with-disabilities-in-btam"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Identification para 2","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":43,"rects":[[0.35481,0.73306,0.49596,0.01532],[0.11765,0.75201,0.4503,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p043-09","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process#p043-09","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 43). Claim p043-09, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p043-09","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 43). Claim p043-09, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p043-09\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p043-09</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process#p043-09","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p043-10","page":43,"section":"considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process","type":"conclusion","title":"Clear definitions separating disability traits from threats can improve reporting accuracy","quote":"Schools can improve reporting accuracy by ensuring that clear definitions of concerning behavior are developed and shared and include examples and non-examples that support differentiating individual characteristics that may be related to a student’s personal identity (i.e., their disability) from clearly concerning and/or threatening behaviors.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["concerning-and-prohibited-behaviors","students-with-disabilities-in-btam"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Identification para 2","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":43,"rects":[[0.57774,0.75201,0.27336,0.01532],[0.11765,0.77095,0.72231,0.01532],[0.11765,0.7899,0.71433,0.01532],[0.11765,0.80884,0.7234,0.01532],[0.11765,0.82778,0.6163,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p043-10","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process#p043-10","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 43). Claim p043-10, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p043-10","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 43). Claim p043-10, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p043-10\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p043-10</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process#p043-10","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p043-11","page":43,"section":"considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process","type":"evidence","title":"Under IDEA's Child Find, schools must identify and evaluate students needing specialized services","quote":"Additionally, under Child Find, a part of the IDEA, schools are responsible for identifying and evaluating students needing specialized services and supports.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["idea-and-section-504-protections"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Identification para 3","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":43,"rects":[[0.11765,0.86377,0.68363,0.01532],[0.11765,0.88271,0.69557,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p043-11","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process#p043-11","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 43). Claim p043-11, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p043-11","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 43). Claim p043-11, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p043-11\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p043-11</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process#p043-11","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p043-12","page":43,"section":"considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process","type":"conjecture","title":"Concerning behaviors may indicate unmet disability-related needs","quote":"Because concerning behaviors may indicate unmet needs related to a disability,","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["students-with-disabilities-in-btam"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Identification para 3","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":43,"rects":[[0.11765,0.90166,0.70523,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p043-12","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process#p043-12","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 43). Claim p043-12, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p043-12","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 43). Claim p043-12, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p043-12\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p043-12</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process#p043-12","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p044-01","page":44,"section":"considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process","type":"conclusion","title":"Schools should consider a special education referral whenever a threat assessment occurs","quote":"schools should consider whether a special education evaluation referral is warranted whenever a behavioral threat assessment is conducted.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["iep-team-coordination","students-with-disabilities-in-btam"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Body para 1","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":44,"rects":[[0.11765,0.09224,0.75093,0.01532],[0.11765,0.11118,0.48696,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p044-01","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process#p044-01","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 44). Claim p044-01, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p044-01","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 44). Claim p044-01, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p044-01\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p044-01</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process#p044-01","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p044-02","page":44,"section":"considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process","type":"conclusion","title":"Only cases revealing potential unmet disability-related needs should be referred for evaluation","quote":"While a referral for special education evaluation should be considered in each case, only cases that uncover potential unmet needs related to qualifying disability categories should be referred for special education evaluation.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["iep-team-coordination","students-with-disabilities-in-btam"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Body para 1","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":44,"rects":[[0.6144,0.11118,0.23382,0.01532],[0.11765,0.13013,0.71726,0.01532],[0.11765,0.14907,0.76974,0.01532],[0.11765,0.16802,0.253,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p044-02","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process#p044-02","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 44). Claim p044-02, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p044-02","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 44). Claim p044-02, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p044-02\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p044-02</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process#p044-02","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p044-03","page":44,"section":"considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process","type":"conclusion","title":"After a BTAM referral schools must gather information, with added protections for SWD","quote":"Once a BTAM referral is made, schools must gather all relevant information. For SWD, several protections must be considered.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["assessment-and-information-gathering","students-with-disabilities-in-btam"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Gathering Information para","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":44,"rects":[[0.11765,0.24312,0.75969,0.01532],[0.11765,0.26207,0.35043,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p044-03","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process#p044-03","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 44). Claim p044-03, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p044-03","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 44). Claim p044-03, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p044-03\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p044-03</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process#p044-03","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p044-04","page":44,"section":"considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process","type":"conclusion","title":"Schools must log special ed records access; only parents' consent or educational need allows it","quote":"First, schools must document access to special education records, including in progress or previous referrals for evaluation, to ensure that those records are not accessed without parental permission except by those with a legitimate educational right to know the contents of the records.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["idea-and-section-504-protections"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Gathering Information para","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":44,"rects":[[0.47787,0.26207,0.35088,0.01532],[0.11765,0.28101,0.73969,0.01532],[0.11765,0.29996,0.72707,0.01532],[0.11765,0.3189,0.71343,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p044-04","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process#p044-04","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 44). Claim p044-04, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p044-04","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 44). Claim p044-04, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p044-04\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p044-04</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process#p044-04","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p044-05","page":44,"section":"considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process","type":"statement","title":"BTAM team members, even non-district ones, generally fall under the exception and may access records","quote":"Members of the BTAM team, including any formal and regular team members not employed by the district, are generally considered part of this exception meaning they may be able to access the student’s records.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["idea-and-section-504-protections","multidisciplinary-team-composition-and-teaming"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Gathering Information para","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":44,"rects":[[0.11765,0.33784,0.72202,0.01532],[0.11765,0.35679,0.76868,0.01532],[0.11765,0.37573,0.39012,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p044-05","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process#p044-05","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 44). Claim p044-05, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p044-05","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 44). Claim p044-05, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p044-05\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p044-05</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process#p044-05","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p044-06","page":44,"section":"considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process","type":"conclusion","title":"Schools should set procedures on records access and team confidentiality duties","quote":"Schools should have clear procedures for identifying when and by whom these records are accessed and for ensuring that all members of the BTAM team understand their responsibilities related to confidentiality.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["idea-and-section-504-protections"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Gathering Information para","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":44,"rects":[[0.51756,0.37573,0.36701,0.01532],[0.11765,0.39468,0.74052,0.01532],[0.11765,0.41362,0.76548,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p044-06","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process#p044-06","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 44). Claim p044-06, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p044-06","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 44). Claim p044-06, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p044-06\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p044-06</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process#p044-06","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p044-07","page":44,"section":"considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process","type":"conclusion","title":"Full IEP team must set scope of any BTAM-recommended evaluations, following timelines","quote":"Second, if the BTAM team recommends additional evaluations, then the entire IEP team must be involved in determining the scope of those evaluations, and all notification and evaluation procedures and timelines must be followed.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["idea-and-section-504-protections","iep-team-coordination"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Gathering Information para","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":44,"rects":[[0.11765,0.44961,0.69291,0.01532],[0.11765,0.46855,0.71762,0.01532],[0.11765,0.4875,0.6263,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p044-07","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process#p044-07","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 44). Claim p044-07, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p044-07","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 44). Claim p044-07, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p044-07\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p044-07</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process#p044-07","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p044-08","page":44,"section":"considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process","type":"conclusion","title":"BTAM teams must engage student, family, IEP team and those who know the student best","quote":"Further, to ensure that the concerning behaviors are understood in the context of the student’s disability, BTAM teams must be intentional about engaging in dialogue with the student, family members, and members of the IEP team, as well as those who know the student best during the interview and information-gathering process.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["assessment-and-information-gathering","students-with-disabilities-in-btam"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Gathering Information para","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":44,"rects":[[0.75374,0.4875,0.09318,0.01532],[0.11765,0.50644,0.74638,0.01532],[0.11765,0.52539,0.70624,0.01532],[0.11765,0.54433,0.74235,0.01532],[0.11765,0.56328,0.64651,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p044-08","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process#p044-08","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 44). Claim p044-08, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p044-08","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 44). Claim p044-08, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p044-08\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p044-08</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process#p044-08","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p044-09","page":44,"section":"considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process","type":"conclusion","title":"Information gathering must review IEP service delivery, present levels and goal progress","quote":"Additionally, the information-gathering process must include a review of existing IEP services and the extent to which those were delivered as intended as well as a review of the student’s present levels of performance and progress toward goals and objectives. These procedures ensure that the impact of the student’s disability is clearly understood in relation to the concerning behavior.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["assessment-and-information-gathering","iep-team-coordination"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Gathering Information para","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":44,"rects":[[0.77395,0.56328,0.11038,0.01532],[0.11765,0.58222,0.71381,0.01532],[0.11765,0.60116,0.73893,0.01532],[0.11765,0.62011,0.73395,0.01532],[0.11765,0.63905,0.67908,0.01532],[0.11765,0.658,0.44323,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p044-09","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process#p044-09","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 44). Claim p044-09, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p044-09","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 44). Claim p044-09, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p044-09\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p044-09</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process#p044-09","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p044-10","page":44,"section":"considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process","type":"conclusion","title":"For SWD, interpret concerning behavior in light of disability and provide behavioral protections","quote":"For SWD, it is important to interpret the concerning behavior in the context of the student’s disability and to ensure that all relevant behavioral protections are provided.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["idea-and-section-504-protections","students-with-disabilities-in-btam"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Analyzing Information para","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":44,"rects":[[0.11765,0.73302,0.73047,0.01532],[0.11765,0.75197,0.76093,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p044-10","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process#p044-10","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 44). Claim p044-10, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p044-10","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 44). Claim p044-10, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p044-10\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p044-10</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process#p044-10","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p044-11","page":44,"section":"considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process","type":"conjecture","title":"Due process and manifestation hearing procedures may apply to SWD facing discipline","quote":"Specifically, due process notifications and manifestation hearing procedures may be relevant for SWD who have engaged in concerning behaviors subject to disciplinary measures.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["idea-and-section-504-protections"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Analyzing Information para","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":44,"rects":[[0.11765,0.77091,0.74819,0.01532],[0.11765,0.78985,0.74623,0.01532],[0.11765,0.8088,0.08464,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p044-11","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process#p044-11","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 44). Claim p044-11, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p044-11","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 44). Claim p044-11, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p044-11\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p044-11</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process#p044-11","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p044-12","page":44,"section":"considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process","type":"conclusion","title":"BTAM team must go beyond risk identification and work with IEP team to boost supports","quote":"The BTAM team must do more than identify if there is a substantive risk to self or others; the team must work collaboratively with the IEP team to deeply understand the situation in enough detail to increase services and supports effectively.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["iep-team-coordination","students-with-disabilities-in-btam"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Analyzing Information para","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":44,"rects":[[0.21208,0.8088,0.63738,0.01532],[0.11765,0.82774,0.719,0.01532],[0.11765,0.84669,0.76859,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p044-12","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process#p044-12","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 44). Claim p044-12, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p044-12","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 44). Claim p044-12, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p044-12\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p044-12</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process#p044-12","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p044-13","page":44,"section":"considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process","type":"conclusion","title":"Include experts in interpreting special education evaluations to inform BTAM determinations","quote":"Ensuring that the BTAM team includes individuals with expertise in interpreting relevant special education evaluations, specifically those working closely with the student, should inform BTAM team determinations.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["multidisciplinary-team-composition-and-teaming","students-with-disabilities-in-btam"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Analyzing Information para","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":44,"rects":[[0.11765,0.86563,0.70425,0.01532],[0.11765,0.88458,0.72445,0.01532],[0.11765,0.90352,0.44898,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p044-13","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process#p044-13","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 44). Claim p044-13, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p044-13","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 44). Claim p044-13, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p044-13\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p044-13</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process#p044-13","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p045-01","page":45,"section":"considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process","type":"conclusion","title":"Full IEP team should meet to review IEP/504 supports for any SWD with concerning behavior","quote":"For all cases of concerning and/or threatening behavior involving a SWD, the full IEP team should meet to review current IEP or 504 plan supports and services and ensure the student is adequately supported to prevent future concerning behaviors.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["iep-team-coordination","students-with-disabilities-in-btam"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Management and Support Plans para 1","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":45,"rects":[[0.11765,0.12907,0.75229,0.01532],[0.11765,0.14801,0.76575,0.01532],[0.11765,0.16696,0.67725,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p045-01","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process#p045-01","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 45). Claim p045-01, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p045-01","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 45). Claim p045-01, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p045-01\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p045-01</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process#p045-01","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p045-02","page":45,"section":"considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process","type":"evidence","title":"Function-based assessments can help SWD by informing supports and behavior plans","quote":"SWD can benefit from function-based assessments which can be used to better understand the purpose of behaviors interfering with their educational performance and identify any relevant contributing factors. The information gained can help establish function-based supports, interventions, and behaviorial plans to mitigate or eliminate the interfering behavior (Office of Special Eduction and Rehabilitative Services, 2024).","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["assessment-and-information-gathering","students-with-disabilities-in-btam"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Management and Support Plans para 1","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":45,"rects":[[0.80469,0.16696,0.04501,0.01532],[0.11765,0.1859,0.76667,0.01532],[0.11765,0.20484,0.75312,0.01532],[0.11765,0.22379,0.75991,0.01532],[0.11765,0.24273,0.71114,0.01532],[0.11765,0.26168,0.72175,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p045-02","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process#p045-02","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 45). Claim p045-02, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p045-02","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 45). Claim p045-02, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p045-02\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p045-02</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process#p045-02","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p045-03","page":45,"section":"considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process","type":"conclusion","title":"Teams should consider supports restoring the student's sense of belonging at school","quote":"Additonally, the team should also consider supports and services that restore or enhance the student’s sense of belonging and connection to the school community.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["individualized-support-and-management-plans","positive-school-climate"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Management and Support Plans para 1","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":45,"rects":[[0.11765,0.28062,0.71153,0.01532],[0.11765,0.29957,0.74147,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p045-03","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process#p045-03","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 45). Claim p045-03, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p045-03","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 45). Claim p045-03, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p045-03\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p045-03</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process#p045-03","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p045-04","page":45,"section":"considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process","type":"conclusion","title":"Weapons, direct threats or safety concerns warrant immediate intervention for all students","quote":"For ALL students, situations involving weapons, direct threats of violence, or concerns about an individual’s safety should warrant immediate intervention aligned with district safety policies.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["concerning-and-prohibited-behaviors"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Management and Support Plans para 2","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":45,"rects":[[0.11765,0.31816,0.68284,0.01567],[0.11765,0.33746,0.75051,0.01532],[0.11765,0.3564,0.23882,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p045-04","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process#p045-04","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 45). Claim p045-04, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p045-04","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 45). Claim p045-04, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p045-04\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p045-04</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process#p045-04","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p045-05","page":45,"section":"considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process","type":"conclusion","title":"BTAM and IEP teams must jointly build a function-based plan aligned with IDEA and 504","quote":"BTAM and IEP teams must work collaboratively to consider options for enhancing interventions and supports and develop a management and support plan that adequately manages the risk of harm to self or others and adheres to IDEA and 504 requirements. This comprehensive plan should be function-based and aligned with the student’s IEP/504 plan services and accommodations.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["iep-team-coordination","individualized-support-and-management-plans"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Management and Support Plans para 2","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":45,"rects":[[0.11765,0.39239,0.72671,0.01532],[0.11765,0.41133,0.69247,0.01532],[0.11765,0.43027,0.70629,0.01532],[0.11765,0.44922,0.73186,0.01532],[0.11765,0.46816,0.55627,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p045-05","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process#p045-05","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 45). Claim p045-05, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p045-05","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 45). Claim p045-05, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p045-05\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p045-05</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process#p045-05","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p045-06","page":45,"section":"considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process","type":"statement","title":"Only the full IEP team determines needed changes in services or placement","quote":"If changes in services or placement are needed, then the full IEP team makes the determination.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["idea-and-section-504-protections","iep-team-coordination"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Management and Support Plans para 2","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":45,"rects":[[0.68371,0.46816,0.11275,0.01532],[0.11765,0.48711,0.73015,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p045-06","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process#p045-06","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 45). Claim p045-06, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p045-06","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 45). Claim p045-06, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p045-06\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p045-06</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process#p045-06","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p045-07","page":45,"section":"considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process","type":"evidence","title":"IEP services must continue during extended removal from the learning environment","quote":"If the student is removed from the learning environment for an extended time, IEP services must continue to be delivered.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["idea-and-section-504-protections"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Management and Support Plans para 2","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":45,"rects":[[0.11765,0.50605,0.72979,0.01532],[0.11765,0.525,0.34365,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p045-07","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process#p045-07","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 45). Claim p045-07, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p045-07","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 45). Claim p045-07, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p045-07\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p045-07</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process#p045-07","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p045-08","page":45,"section":"considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process","type":"evidence","title":"Suspensions over 10 days require an IEP team manifestation determination","quote":"Further, when a SWD’s behavior results in suspension for more than 10 days (cumulatively or consecutively), the full IEP team must meet to determine if the behavior is directly related to (i.e., a manifestation of) the student’s disability and if a change of placement is appropriate.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["idea-and-section-504-protections"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Management and Support Plans para 2","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":45,"rects":[[0.4711,0.525,0.37024,0.01532],[0.11765,0.54394,0.73859,0.01532],[0.11765,0.56289,0.71699,0.01532],[0.11765,0.58183,0.62687,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p045-08","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process#p045-08","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 45). Claim p045-08, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p045-08","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 45). Claim p045-08, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p045-08\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p045-08</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process#p045-08","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p045-09","page":45,"section":"considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process","type":"evidence","title":"IDEA procedural safeguards apply when behavior is a manifestation of disability","quote":"In cases where the behavior is deemed a manifestation of a disability, there are procedural safeguards in IDEA that must be followed for students with disabilities.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["idea-and-section-504-protections"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Management and Support Plans para 2","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":45,"rects":[[0.75414,0.58183,0.07091,0.01532],[0.11765,0.60077,0.72666,0.01532],[0.11765,0.61972,0.6264,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p045-09","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process#p045-09","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 45). Claim p045-09, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p045-09","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 45). Claim p045-09, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p045-09\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p045-09</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process#p045-09","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p045-10","page":45,"section":"considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process","type":"evidence","title":"SWD have a right to a function-based assessment and BIP after placement change or manifestation","quote":"Additionally, in cases where a student’s behavior results in a change of placement or is determined to be a manifestation of their disability, SWD have a right to a function-based assessment and a behavior intervention plan designed to address the behavior (34 C.F.R. § 300.530(d)(1)(ii) and (f)(1)(i), 2024, Authority of School Personnel; 34 C.F.R. § 300.534, 2024, Protections for children not determined eligible for special education and related services).","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["idea-and-section-504-protections"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Management and Support Plans para 2","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":45,"rects":[[0.75384,0.61972,0.11038,0.01532],[0.11765,0.63866,0.76214,0.01532],[0.11765,0.65761,0.68857,0.01532],[0.11765,0.67655,0.7002,0.01532],[0.11765,0.69548,0.73122,0.01539],[0.11765,0.71443,0.73049,0.01539],[0.11765,0.73337,0.27079,0.01539]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p045-10","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process#p045-10","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 45). Claim p045-10, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p045-10","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 45). Claim p045-10, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p045-10\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p045-10</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process#p045-10","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p045-11","page":45,"section":"considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process","type":"conclusion","title":"BTAM teams can also enhance schoolwide safety, supervision and reporting procedures","quote":"Meanwhile, BTAM teams can also review and enhance schoolwide safety procedures, supervision protocols, and reporting mechanisms to support safety for ALL students.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["bystander-reporting-mechanisms","tier-1-universal-prevention"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Management and Support Plans para 3","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":45,"rects":[[0.40603,0.73339,0.47641,0.01532],[0.11765,0.75233,0.73926,0.01532],[0.11765,0.77093,0.28528,0.01567]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p045-11","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process#p045-11","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 45). Claim p045-11, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p045-11","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 45). Claim p045-11, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p045-11\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p045-11</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process#p045-11","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p045-12","page":45,"section":"considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process","type":"conclusion","title":"BTAM and IEP/504 plans should link to Tier 2 and 3 systems for regular monitoring","quote":"Implementation of all BTAM management and support plans as well as IEP/504 plans should be linked directly to a school’s advanced tier systems of support (i.e., Tier 2, Tier 3) to ensure implementation is monitored regularly and plans are adjusted to ensure students fully benefit from supports.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["individualized-support-and-management-plans","integration-of-btam-with-mtss-pbis","tier-3-individualized-intensive-intervention"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Management and Support Plans para 3","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":45,"rects":[[0.11765,0.80726,0.75803,0.01532],[0.11765,0.82621,0.73827,0.01532],[0.11765,0.84515,0.72342,0.01532],[0.11765,0.86409,0.385,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p045-12","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process#p045-12","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 45). Claim p045-12, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p045-12","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 45). Claim p045-12, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p045-12\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p045-12</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process#p045-12","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p046-01","page":46,"section":"considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process","type":"statement","title":"Scenario: BTAM team flags a student with a disability for concerning violence-related behaviors","quote":"A student with a disability is identified by the BTAM team as engaging in concerning behaviors such as an excessive interest in past acts of school violence and making contextually inappropriate comments about harming others.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["concerning-and-prohibited-behaviors","students-with-disabilities-in-btam"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"callout: Scenario","case":true,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":46,"rects":[[0.08235,0.11849,0.77583,0.01855],[0.08235,0.13887,0.82553,0.01855],[0.08235,0.15925,0.82071,0.01855],[0.08235,0.17963,0.07099,0.01855]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p046-01","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process#p046-01","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 46). Claim p046-01, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p046-01","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 46). Claim p046-01, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p046-01\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p046-01</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process#p046-01","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p046-02","page":46,"section":"considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process","type":"statement","title":"Scenario: administration finds the behaviors violate school expectations","quote":"School administration determines these behaviors violate school expectations.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["concerning-and-prohibited-behaviors"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"callout: Scenario","case":true,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":46,"rects":[[0.16603,0.17963,0.71577,0.01855],[0.08235,0.20001,0.14291,0.01855]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p046-02","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process#p046-02","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 46). Claim p046-02, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p046-02","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 46). Claim p046-02, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p046-02\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p046-02</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process#p046-02","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p046-03","page":46,"section":"considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process","type":"statement","title":"Scenario: IEP team finds manifestation, so student cannot be disciplined or excluded","quote":"The IEP team meets and determines that the behaviors are a manifestation of the student’s disability, meaning the student cannot be disciplined or excluded from school for this behavior.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["idea-and-section-504-protections","iep-team-coordination"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"callout: Scenario next steps","case":true,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":46,"rects":[[0.25502,0.57481,0.66638,0.01532],[0.25502,0.59502,0.63779,0.01532],[0.25502,0.61523,0.34292,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p046-03","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process#p046-03","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 46). Claim p046-03, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p046-03","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 46). Claim p046-03, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p046-03\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p046-03</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process#p046-03","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p046-04","page":46,"section":"considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process","type":"statement","title":"Scenario: BTAM team still concerned about harm and decides a support plan is warranted","quote":"However, the BTAM team remains concerned about the potential for harm to self or others and determines that a support and management plan is warranted.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["individualized-support-and-management-plans","students-with-disabilities-in-btam"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"callout: Scenario next steps","case":true,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":46,"rects":[[0.60612,0.61523,0.29871,0.01532],[0.25502,0.63544,0.64394,0.01532],[0.25502,0.65565,0.44772,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p046-04","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process#p046-04","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 46). Claim p046-04, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p046-04","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 46). Claim p046-04, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p046-04\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p046-04</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process#p046-04","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p046-05","page":46,"section":"considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process","type":"statement","title":"Scenario: plan adds social IEP services plus supervision in unstructured times and online","quote":"The BTAM team works collaboratively with the IEP team to develop the plan that includes increasing some IEP services related to improving social interactions and connections while also increasing supervision and support during unstructured times and when the student has access to the internet.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["iep-team-coordination","individualized-support-and-management-plans"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"callout: Scenario next steps","case":true,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":46,"rects":[[0.71254,0.65565,0.19999,0.01532],[0.25502,0.67586,0.6883,0.01532],[0.25502,0.69606,0.66558,0.01532],[0.08235,0.71627,0.84263,0.01532],[0.08235,0.73648,0.22801,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p046-05","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process#p046-05","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 46). Claim p046-05, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p046-05","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 46). Claim p046-05, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p046-05\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p046-05</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process#p046-05","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p046-06","page":46,"section":"considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process","type":"statement","title":"Scenario: teams agree with family to restrict weapon access and review plan in a month","quote":"Together, the BTAM and IEP teams develop agreements with the student and family to restrict access to weapons and agree to meet again in a month to review and adjust the plan.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["iep-team-coordination","individualized-support-and-management-plans"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"callout: Scenario next steps","case":true,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":46,"rects":[[0.32016,0.73648,0.57345,0.01532],[0.08235,0.75669,0.84333,0.01532],[0.08235,0.7769,0.17088,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p046-06","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process#p046-06","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 46). Claim p046-06, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p046-06","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 46). Claim p046-06, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p046-06\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p046-06</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process#p046-06","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p046-07","page":46,"section":"considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process","type":"statement","title":"Scenario: BTAM team boosts schoolwide safety, supervision and reporting reminders","quote":"Additionally, the BTAM team works to support the safety of all students by increasing active supervision in hallways during transitions, reviewing and enhancing entry/exit procedures and building-wide safety protocols, reducing access to unsupervised locations, enhancing learning opportunities, and sharing reminders for how to recognize and report concerning behavior.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["bystander-reporting-mechanisms","tier-1-universal-prevention"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"callout: Scenario next steps","case":true,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":46,"rects":[[0.25581,0.81415,0.66384,0.01532],[0.25581,0.83436,0.6542,0.01532],[0.25581,0.85456,0.69328,0.01532],[0.25581,0.87477,0.64098,0.01532],[0.25581,0.89498,0.63832,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p046-07","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process#p046-07","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 46). Claim p046-07, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p046-07","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 46). Claim p046-07, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p046-07\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p046-07</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process#p046-07","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p047-01","page":47,"section":"conclusion","type":"definition","title":"BTAM described as a safety and support process addressing risks and providing intervention","quote":"BTAM is a student safety and support process to address potential safety risks and provide student support and intervention.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management-btam"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Conclusion para 1","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":47,"rects":[[0.11765,0.61871,0.69777,0.01532],[0.11765,0.63765,0.40669,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p047-01","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/conclusion#p047-01","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 47). Claim p047-01, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p047-01","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 47). Claim p047-01, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p047-01\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p047-01</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/conclusion#p047-01","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p047-02","page":47,"section":"conclusion","type":"conclusion","title":"PBIS gives BTAM teams a structure to leverage resources and align with broader prevention","quote":"When implemented in conjunction, the PBIS framework provides a structure for the BTAM team to leverage existing resources and capacities to prevent targeted violence and enhance the overall well-being of staff and students, and align with a broader system of prevention designed to provide access to proactive and early intervention for all students needing support.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["integration-of-btam-with-mtss-pbis"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Conclusion para 1","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":47,"rects":[[0.53413,0.63765,0.31104,0.01532],[0.11765,0.6566,0.71307,0.01532],[0.11765,0.67554,0.74336,0.01532],[0.11765,0.69449,0.74682,0.01532],[0.11765,0.71343,0.76054,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p047-02","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/conclusion#p047-02","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 47). Claim p047-02, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p047-02","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 47). Claim p047-02, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p047-02\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p047-02</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/conclusion#p047-02","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p047-03","page":47,"section":"conclusion","type":"conclusion","title":"BTAM strengthens PBIS intensive intervention for students who may pose risk of harm","quote":"Likewise, BTAM supports the PBIS framework by enhancing intensive intervention systems for students who may pose a risk of harm to themselves or those around them.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["integration-of-btam-with-mtss-pbis","tier-3-individualized-intensive-intervention"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Conclusion para 1","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":47,"rects":[[0.11765,0.73238,0.72612,0.01532],[0.11765,0.75132,0.72386,0.01532],[0.11765,0.77026,0.04607,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p047-03","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/conclusion#p047-03","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 47). Claim p047-03, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p047-03","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 47). Claim p047-03, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p047-03\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p047-03</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/conclusion#p047-03","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p047-04","page":47,"section":"conclusion","type":"conclusion","title":"Combined BTAM and MTSS/PBIS teams can build more cohesive, supportive safety approaches","quote":"Together, BTAM and MTSS/PBIS teams can create more cohesive and comprehensive approaches to student safety and well-being and build safer, more supportive environments for all students.","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["integration-of-btam-with-mtss-pbis"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Conclusion para 1","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":47,"rects":[[0.17351,0.77026,0.61663,0.01532],[0.11765,0.78921,0.7309,0.01532],[0.11765,0.80815,0.36034,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p047-04","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/conclusion#p047-04","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 47). Claim p047-04, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p047-04","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 47). Claim p047-04, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p047-04\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p047-04</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/conclusion#p047-04","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p047-05","page":47,"section":"conclusion","type":"evidence","title":"Approaches promoting success for all students can lower harm risk, per NTAC 2021","quote":"Such approaches that promote successful outcomes for all students can decrease the risk of harm to the school community (National Threat Assessment Center, 2021).","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["national-threat-assessment-center-research-and-mandate","positive-school-climate"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Conclusion para 1","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":47,"rects":[[0.48778,0.80815,0.37312,0.01532],[0.11765,0.8271,0.72287,0.01532],[0.11765,0.84604,0.3709,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p047-05","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/conclusion#p047-05","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 47). Claim p047-05, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p047-05","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 47). Claim p047-05, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p047-05\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p047-05</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/conclusion#p047-05","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p048-01","page":48,"section":"conclusion","type":"statement","title":"Guiding questions can help schools adding MTSS/PBIS to BTAM, or BTAM to MTSS/PBIS, plan next steps","quote":"Whether a school is implementing BTAM and wants to extend its prevention and intervention options by adding MTSS/PBIS or is implementing MTSS/PBIS and wants to enhance its intensive interventions by incorporating BTAM, the following questions can help guide next steps:","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["guiding-questions-for-getting-started","integration-of-btam-with-mtss-pbis"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Guiding questions intro","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":48,"rects":[[0.09477,0.12679,0.71595,0.01532],[0.09477,0.14574,0.75533,0.01532],[0.09477,0.16468,0.75959,0.01532],[0.09477,0.18363,0.22803,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p048-01","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/conclusion#p048-01","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 48). Claim p048-01, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p048-01","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 48). Claim p048-01, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p048-01\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p048-01</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/conclusion#p048-01","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p048-02","page":48,"section":"conclusion","type":"statement","title":"Question 1 asks which existing teams or initiatives promote safety, climate, or behavior support","quote":"What teams or initiatives already exist to promote school safety, climate, or behavioral support?","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["guiding-questions-for-getting-started"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Question 1","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":48,"rects":[[0.11765,0.23097,0.67097,0.01532],[0.11765,0.24992,0.16798,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p048-02","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/conclusion#p048-02","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 48). Claim p048-02, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p048-02","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 48). Claim p048-02, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p048-02\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p048-02</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/conclusion#p048-02","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p048-03","page":48,"section":"conclusion","type":"statement","title":"Team inventory tracks focus, membership, fidelity and outcome data, and communication routines","quote":"TEAM/INITIATIVE PRIMARY FOCUS OR CONCERN ADDRESSED TEAM MEMBERSHIP FIDELITY DATA COLLECTED (Y/N) OUTCOME DATA COLLECTED (Y/N) COMMUNICATION AND INFORMATION SHARING ROUTINES WITH OTHER TEAMS","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["data-based-decision-making","guiding-questions-for-getting-started"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"table: Team inventory table","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":48,"rects":[[0.10379,0.31031,0.11838,0.01327],[0.24235,0.29894,0.11424,0.01327],[0.25272,0.31031,0.09349,0.01327],[0.25717,0.32167,0.08456,0.01327],[0.41649,0.30463,0.0389,0.01327],[0.39069,0.31599,0.09052,0.01327],[0.52119,0.30463,0.10252,0.01327],[0.51082,0.31599,0.12327,0.01327],[0.65398,0.30463,0.10993,0.01327],[0.64732,0.31599,0.12327,0.01327],[0.785,0.2819,0.12089,0.01327],[0.83001,0.29327,0.03088,0.01327],[0.79613,0.30463,0.09865,0.01327],[0.81393,0.31599,0.06305,0.01327],[0.78938,0.32736,0.11214,0.01327],[0.79619,0.33872,0.09852,0.01327]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p048-03","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/conclusion#p048-03","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 48). Claim p048-03, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p048-03","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 48). Claim p048-03, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p048-03\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p048-03</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/conclusion#p048-03","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p048-04","page":48,"section":"conclusion","type":"statement","title":"Question 2 asks about chances to combine or add, overlapping teams, missing data and safety gaps","quote":"What opportunities exist to combine, collaborate, enhance, or add as needed? • Do multiple teams address the same primary focus or concern? • If fidelity or outcome data are not collected for the work conducted by the team, how could they be added? • If an area of school climate or safety is not addressed, what is missing?","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["guiding-questions-for-getting-started"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Question 2","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":48,"rects":[[0.11765,0.44499,0.69598,0.01532],[0.10458,0.48197,0.58297,0.01825],[0.10458,0.52111,0.74005,0.01825],[0.12419,0.54159,0.23684,0.01532],[0.10458,0.5792,0.64112,0.01825]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p048-04","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/conclusion#p048-04","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 48). Claim p048-04, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p048-04","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 48). Claim p048-04, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p048-04\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p048-04</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/conclusion#p048-04","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p048-05","page":48,"section":"conclusion","type":"statement","title":"Question 3 covers alignment goals, strengths, gaps, and useful BTAM and/or MTSS/PBIS aspects","quote":"What are the specific desired outcomes or goals that can be achieved by aligning the work? • What are the strengths of our current system that we want to maintain? • What are the gaps or needs in our system that we want to address? • What aspects of BTAM and/or MTSS/PBIS can we use to improve the effectiveness and efficiency within our systems of support?","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["guiding-questions-for-getting-started","integration-of-btam-with-mtss-pbis"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Question 3","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":48,"rects":[[0.11767,0.62871,0.72623,0.01532],[0.11767,0.64765,0.08816,0.01532],[0.1046,0.68464,0.65879,0.01825],[0.1046,0.72378,0.62147,0.01825],[0.1046,0.76292,0.75687,0.01825],[0.12421,0.78339,0.39587,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p048-05","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/conclusion#p048-05","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 48). Claim p048-05, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p048-05","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 48). Claim p048-05, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p048-05\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p048-05</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/conclusion#p048-05","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p049-01","page":49,"section":"conclusion","type":"statement","title":"Guiding question 4 asks which practices, data and systems are needed to reach goals","quote":"What specific practices, data, and systems are needed to achieve the desired outcomes or goals?","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["guiding-questions-for-getting-started"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"paragraph: Guiding question 4","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":49,"rects":[[0.14053,0.09224,0.68609,0.01532],[0.14053,0.11118,0.16527,0.01532]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p049-01","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/conclusion#p049-01","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 49). Claim p049-01, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p049-01","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 49). Claim p049-01, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p049-01\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p049-01</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/conclusion#p049-01","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p049-02","page":49,"section":"conclusion","type":"statement","title":"Outcome column asks what aligning BTAM and MTSS/PBIS implementation should achieve","quote":"What do we hope to achieve by expanding and aligning our implementation of BTAM and MTSS/PBIS?","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["guiding-questions-for-getting-started","integration-of-btam-with-mtss-pbis"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"table: Planning table, Outcome","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":49,"rects":[[0.12721,0.18154,0.13215,0.01119],[0.12721,0.19416,0.13983,0.01119],[0.12721,0.20679,0.10475,0.01119],[0.12721,0.21941,0.11861,0.01119],[0.12721,0.23204,0.14202,0.01119]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p049-02","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/conclusion#p049-02","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 49). Claim p049-02, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p049-02","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 49). Claim p049-02, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p049-02\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p049-02</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/conclusion#p049-02","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p049-03","page":49,"section":"conclusion","type":"statement","title":"Practices column asks which practices or supports must be added for the outcome","quote":"What practices or supports do we need to add to achieve this outcome?","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["guiding-questions-for-getting-started"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"table: Planning table, Practices","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":49,"rects":[[0.32615,0.18154,0.17584,0.01119],[0.32615,0.19416,0.13883,0.01119],[0.32615,0.20679,0.13676,0.01119]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p049-03","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/conclusion#p049-03","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 49). Claim p049-03, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p049-03","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 49). Claim p049-03, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p049-03\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p049-03</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/conclusion#p049-03","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p049-04","page":49,"section":"conclusion","type":"statement","title":"Data column asks what data show whether practices are done as intended","quote":"What data would we need to know if we are doing these practices as intended?","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["data-based-decision-making","guiding-questions-for-getting-started"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"table: Planning table, Data","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":49,"rects":[[0.53617,0.18154,0.13325,0.01119],[0.53617,0.19416,0.14706,0.01119],[0.53617,0.20679,0.15657,0.01119],[0.53617,0.21941,0.05722,0.01119]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p049-04","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/conclusion#p049-04","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 49). Claim p049-04, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p049-04","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 49). Claim p049-04, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p049-04\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p049-04</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/conclusion#p049-04","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p049-05","page":49,"section":"conclusion","type":"statement","title":"Data column asks what data show whether students are benefiting","quote":"What data do we need to know if students are benefiting?","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["data-based-decision-making","guiding-questions-for-getting-started"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"table: Planning table, Data","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":49,"rects":[[0.53617,0.23835,0.14685,0.01119],[0.53617,0.25098,0.14818,0.01119],[0.53617,0.26361,0.0657,0.01119]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p049-05","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/conclusion#p049-05","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 49). Claim p049-05, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p049-05","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 49). Claim p049-05, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p049-05\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p049-05</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/conclusion#p049-05","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p049-06","page":49,"section":"conclusion","type":"statement","title":"Systems column asks how team membership should change to share expertise across teams","quote":"How should team membership be adjusted to enhance awareness and expertise across teams?","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["guiding-questions-for-getting-started","multidisciplinary-team-composition-and-teaming"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"table: Planning table, Systems","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":49,"rects":[[0.74422,0.18154,0.11251,0.01119],[0.74422,0.19416,0.16019,0.01119],[0.74422,0.20679,0.17068,0.01119],[0.74422,0.21941,0.14751,0.01119]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p049-06","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/conclusion#p049-06","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 49). Claim p049-06, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p049-06","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 49). Claim p049-06, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p049-06\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p049-06</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/conclusion#p049-06","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p049-07","page":49,"section":"conclusion","type":"statement","title":"Systems column asks how teams will communicate and share relevant information","quote":"How will we communicate and share relevant information across teams?","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["guiding-questions-for-getting-started","two-way-communication-between-teams"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"table: Planning table, Systems","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":49,"rects":[[0.74422,0.23835,0.16819,0.01119],[0.74422,0.25098,0.11868,0.01119],[0.74422,0.26361,0.16308,0.01119]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p049-07","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/conclusion#p049-07","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 49). Claim p049-07, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p049-07","html":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 49). Claim p049-07, NCIER Claim Map. <a href=\"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p049-07\">https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p049-07</a>"},"source":{"publisher":"NCIER","title":"Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map","report":{"publisher":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS","title":"Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention","year":2025},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/conclusion#p049-07","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}}},{"id":"p049-08","page":49,"section":"conclusion","type":"statement","title":"Systems column asks what training is needed and who should receive it","quote":"What training is needed and who should receive it?","tag":"V","reason":null,"concepts":["guiding-questions-for-getting-started","professional-development-and-training"],"supports":[],"cites":[],"element":"table: Planning table, Systems","case":false,"sample":null,"proof":{"method":"exact","page":49,"rects":[[0.74422,0.28255,0.15422,0.01119],[0.74422,0.29517,0.16503,0.01119]]},"url":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p049-08","canonical":"https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/conclusion#p049-08","cite":{"apa":"U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. 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