# Aligning BTAM with MTSS: Claim Map

> 370 claims extracted from "Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention" (U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS, 2025), in 8 sections and 31 concepts. Each claim is linked to the highlighted passage on the source page it came from.

Cite a claim by linking to its claim URL, for example https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p046-03. Each claim's canonical home is its section page, anchored by claim id.

License: CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Attribution to NCIER is required. Suggested citation: U.S. Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the Center on PBIS. (2025). Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support: Building a Continuum of Prevention and Intervention (p. 46). Claim p046-03, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims/p046-03

## Start here

- [Map overview](https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss): counts, sections, top concepts, downloads and how to cite
- [Methodology](https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/methodology): how claims were extracted, verified and highlighted
- [Explorer](https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/explore): interactive graph of claims, concepts and sections

## Data

- [claims.json](https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims.json): full dataset with absolute URLs
- [claims.csv](https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/claims.csv): id, page, section, type, tag, title, quote, concepts, url, cite, license
- [graph.json](https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/graph.json): nodes and links

## Sections

- [Aligning Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management with a Multi-tiered System of Support](https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/aligning-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management-with-a-multi-tiered-system-of-support): Report pages 1–2: 7 claims on pp. 1–2 (fact 1, statement 5, evidence 1).
- [Introduction](https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/introduction): Report pages 4–7: 28 claims on pp. 4–7 (fact 6, statement 6, evidence 3, conclusion 9, conjecture 2, definition 2).
- [What Is Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management?](https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management): Report pages 8–13: 56 claims on pp. 8–13 (statement 25, evidence 4, conclusion 17, conjecture 5, definition 5).
- [Best Practices for Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management](https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/best-practices-for-behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management): Report pages 14–20: 43 claims on pp. 14–20 (fact 1, statement 11, evidence 3, conclusion 24, conjecture 2, definition 2).
- [What Is the PBIS Framework?](https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/what-is-the-pbis-framework): Report pages 21–25: 41 claims on pp. 21–25 (statement 26, evidence 1, conclusion 2, definition 12).
- [Considerations for BTAM and MTSS/PBIS Working in Conjunction](https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-btam-and-mtss-pbis-working-in-conjunction): Report pages 26–40: 112 claims on pp. 26–40 (fact 5, statement 49, evidence 7, conclusion 40, conjecture 4, definition 7).
- [Considerations for Supporting Students with Disabilities Throughout the BTAM Process](https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/considerations-for-supporting-students-with-disabilities-throughout-the-btam-process): Report pages 41–46: 62 claims on pp. 41–46 (statement 17, evidence 12, conclusion 28, conjecture 5).
- [Conclusion](https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/sections/conclusion): Report pages 47–53: 21 claims on pp. 47–53 (statement 16, evidence 1, conclusion 3, definition 1).

## Concepts

- [Assessment and information gathering](https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/concepts/assessment-and-information-gathering): 22 claims on pp. 8–45 (statement 4, evidence 1, conclusion 14, conjecture 1, definition 2).
- [Behavioral threat assessment and management (BTAM)](https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/concepts/behavioral-threat-assessment-and-management-btam): 35 claims on pp. 4–49 (fact 3, statement 16, evidence 1, conclusion 5, definition 10).
- [Bullying and harassment prevention](https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/concepts/bullying-and-harassment-prevention): 5 claims on pp. 11–39 (statement 2, conclusion 2, conjecture 1).
- [Bystander reporting mechanisms](https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/concepts/bystander-reporting-mechanisms): 13 claims on pp. 12–46 (fact 1, statement 4, evidence 2, conclusion 6).
- [Community resources and partnerships](https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/concepts/community-resources-and-partnerships): 8 claims on pp. 11–33 (statement 3, conclusion 4, conjecture 1).
- [Concerning and prohibited behaviors](https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/concepts/concerning-and-prohibited-behaviors): 12 claims on pp. 8–46 (statement 3, evidence 2, conclusion 6, definition 1).
- [Data-based decision-making](https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/concepts/data-based-decision-making): 35 claims on pp. 5–49 (statement 25, conclusion 7, conjecture 1, definition 2).
- [Equitable implementation and disparities](https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/concepts/equitable-implementation-and-disparities): 11 claims on pp. 5–43 (statement 3, evidence 2, conclusion 3, conjecture 1, definition 2).
- [Exclusionary discipline and zero tolerance](https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/concepts/exclusionary-discipline-and-zero-tolerance): 6 claims on pp. 13–42 (statement 3, conclusion 2, conjecture 1).
- [Guiding questions for getting started](https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/concepts/guiding-questions-for-getting-started): 14 claims on pp. 48–49 (statement 14).
- [IDEA and Section 504 protections](https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/concepts/idea-and-section-504-protections): 21 claims on pp. 42–46 (statement 4, evidence 9, conclusion 5, conjecture 3).
- [IEP team coordination](https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/concepts/iep-team-coordination): 18 claims on pp. 11–46 (statement 4, evidence 1, conclusion 13).
- [Implementation fidelity and effectiveness evidence](https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/concepts/implementation-fidelity-and-effectiveness-evidence): 6 claims on pp. 5–38 (statement 2, evidence 2, conclusion 1, conjecture 1).
- [Individualized support and management plans](https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/concepts/individualized-support-and-management-plans): 39 claims on pp. 9–46 (fact 1, statement 20, conclusion 12, conjecture 5, definition 1).
- [Integration of BTAM with MTSS/PBIS](https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/concepts/integration-of-btam-with-mtss-pbis): 60 claims on pp. 1–54 (statement 33, evidence 2, conclusion 21, conjecture 4).
- [Law enforcement intervention and school resource officers](https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/concepts/law-enforcement-intervention-and-school-resource-officers): 11 claims on pp. 16–32 (fact 2, statement 2, evidence 1, conclusion 4, conjecture 2).
- [Mental health supports](https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/concepts/mental-health-supports): 5 claims on pp. 11–35 (fact 1, conclusion 2, conjecture 2).
- [Multi-tiered system of support (MTSS)](https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/concepts/multi-tiered-system-of-support-mtss): 24 claims on pp. 12–49 (statement 11, evidence 1, conclusion 8, definition 4).
- [Multidisciplinary team composition and teaming](https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/concepts/multidisciplinary-team-composition-and-teaming): 42 claims on pp. 5–49 (statement 23, evidence 3, conclusion 12, conjecture 4).
- [National Threat Assessment Center research and mandate](https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/concepts/national-threat-assessment-center-research-and-mandate): 11 claims on pp. 2–49 (fact 2, statement 3, evidence 6).
- [NTAC eight-step threat assessment model](https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/concepts/ntac-eight-step-threat-assessment-model): 10 claims on pp. 14–20 (statement 3, evidence 2, conclusion 5).
- [Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports (PBIS)](https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/concepts/positive-behavioral-interventions-and-supports-pbis): 39 claims on pp. 2–53 (statement 23, evidence 2, conclusion 3, definition 11).
- [Positive school climate](https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/concepts/positive-school-climate): 22 claims on pp. 7–47 (fact 1, statement 9, evidence 1, conclusion 11).
- [Professional development and training](https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/concepts/professional-development-and-training): 23 claims on pp. 20–49 (statement 8, conclusion 14, conjecture 1).
- [State BTAM policies and adoption](https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/concepts/state-btam-policies-and-adoption): 3 claims on p. 4 (fact 3).
- [Students with disabilities in BTAM](https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/concepts/students-with-disabilities-in-btam): 37 claims on pp. 6–46 (statement 11, evidence 6, conclusion 19, conjecture 1).
- [Targeted school violence](https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/concepts/targeted-school-violence): 1 claims on p. 4 (fact 1).
- [Tier 1 universal prevention](https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/concepts/tier-1-universal-prevention): 15 claims on pp. 22–46 (fact 1, statement 7, conclusion 4, conjecture 1, definition 2).
- [Tier 2 targeted intervention](https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/concepts/tier-2-targeted-intervention): 14 claims on pp. 22–42 (fact 1, statement 6, evidence 1, conclusion 3, conjecture 1, definition 2).
- [Tier 3 individualized intensive intervention](https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/concepts/tier-3-individualized-intensive-intervention): 15 claims on pp. 6–47 (fact 1, statement 6, evidence 2, conclusion 4, definition 2).
- [Two-way communication between teams](https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/concepts/two-way-communication-between-teams): 7 claims on pp. 30–49 (statement 3, conclusion 4).

## Filters

- [Inferred claims](https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-mtss/inferred): claims that go beyond the quoted words, each with its reason