the possibility that BTAM could increase the use of either exclusionary discipline or criminal justice approaches in responding to student behavior has been a concern for civil society groups and a focus of policy debate around BTAM as a school safety practice.
cite page 89 Ch 11: How Are Schools Using BTAM to Respond to Student Behavior?
APA
RAND Corporation, Homeland Security Operational Analysis Center (RR-A3658-1). (2025). The State of Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management in K–12 Public Schools: Findings from a 2025 American School Leader Panel Survey (p. 89). Claim p089-03, NCIER Claim Map. https://www.ncier.org/research/claim-maps/k12-btam-survey/claims/p089-03
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