All public NTAC resources are posted at secretservice.gov/ntac
All publicly available resources by the National Threat Assessment Center are available at www.secretservice.gov/ntac.
NCIER®
NTAC Research and Resources
Report pages 4–8: 12 claims on pp. 4–8 (statement 1, evidence 11).
Claims in this section
2023 NTAC toolkit gives school staff ways to encourage bystander reporting
Improving School Safety Through Bystander Reporting: A Toolkit for Strengthening K-12 Reporting Programs (May 2023) provides school staff with ways to encourage reporting by students and the broader school community.
NTAC report analyzes 173 public-space mass attacks in the U.S. from 2016 to 2020
Mass Attacks in Public Spaces: 2016 - 2020 (January 2023) analyzes 173 attacks that occurred from 2016 to 2020 in public or semi-public locations in the U.S.
Hot Yoga Tallahassee case study examines attacker who killed two women in 2018
Hot Yoga Tallahassee: A Case Study of Misogynistic Extremism (March 2022) examines the background of an attacker who killed two women and injured four others in 2018.
NTAC 2021 analysis examines 67 averted K-12 school attack plots from 2006 to 2018
Averting Targeted School Violence: A U.S. Secret Service Analysis of Plots Against Schools (March 2021) examines 67 averted attacks at K–12 schools from 2006 to 2018 planned by current or recently former students.
NTAC 2019 analysis examines 41 K-12 school attacks by students from 2008 to 2017
Protecting America’s Schools: A U.S. Secret Service Analysis of Targeted School Violence (November 2019) examines 41 attacks perpetrated by current or recently former students at K–12 schools from 2008 to 2017.
2018 school safety guide gives steps for multidisciplinary student violence prevention programs
Enhancing School Safety Using a Threat Assessment Model: An Operational Guide for Preventing Targeted School Violence (July 2018) provides actionable steps for schools to develop multidisciplinary violence prevention programs that proactively identify and assist students who may pose a risk of harm to themselves or others.
2015 NTAC report analyzes 43 attacks on federal facilities and officials, 2001-2013
Attacks on Federal Government: 2001 - 2013 (December 2015) analyzes 43 attacks directed toward federal government facilities and officials from 2001 to 2013.
2010 campus attacks study examines 272 higher-education violence incidents, 1900-2008
Campus Attacks: Targeted Violence Affecting Institutions of Higher Education (April 2010) examines 272 incidents of violence that impacted institutions of higher education from 1900 to 2008.
2008 study explores how student bystanders with prior attack knowledge decided what to do
Prior Knowledge of Potential School-Based Violence: Information Students Learn May Prevent a Targeted Attack (May 2008) explores how students with prior knowledge of attacks (i.e., bystanders) made decisions regarding what steps, if any, to take after learning the information.
2002 Safe School Initiative studied school attacks, urged Secret Service threat assessment use
The Final Report and Findings of the Safe School Initiative: Implications for the Prevention of School Attacks in the United States (May 2002) analyzes incidents of targeted violence in schools and outlines how schools could adopt the threat assessment process pioneered by the Secret Service to prevent future attacks.
1998 law enforcement guide is seminal, sharing Exceptional Case Study Project findings
Protective Intelligence and Threat Assessment Investigations: A Guide for State and Local Law Enforcement Officials (July 1998) is the seminal publication in the field of threat assessment that shares findings and implications from the Secret Service’s Exceptional Case Study Project.
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