Report page 97

60 percent say BTAM decreased violence or significantly so; 57 percent suicidality or self-harm

Sample (N = 1377) · Teams answering program impact questions

As shown in Figure 12.4, 60 percent of principals said they felt that BTAM decreased or significantly decreased violence rates, and 57 percent believe that BTAM decreased or significantly decreased rates of suicidality or self-harm.

• Effect Violence Suicide

cite page 97 Ch 12: What Do Principals Think Are the Effects of Their BTAM Programs?

Principals who did not perceive decreased violence said BTAM had no impact

The principals who did not perceive that BTAM decreased rates of violence said they believe that the program was having no impact.

• Effect Violence Suicide

cite page 97 Ch 12: What Do Principals Think Are the Effects of Their BTAM Programs?

Only 2 percent of principals believe BTAM increased or significantly increased the level of violence

Sample (N = 1377) · Teams answering program impact questions

Only 2 percent of principals believe that BTAM increased or significantly increased the level of violence.

• Effect Violence Suicide

cite page 97 Ch 12: What Do Principals Think Are the Effects of Their BTAM Programs?

Principals tended to say BTAM 'decreased' rather than 'significantly decreased' violence or suicides

Notably, principals tended to respond that BTAM “decreased,” as opposed to “significantly decreased,” levels of violence or suicides at their schools.

• Effect Violence Suicide

cite page 97 Ch 12: What Do Principals Think Are the Effects of Their BTAM Programs?

Survey question did not define a specific threshold across response options

Setting aside that our survey question did not define a specific threshold across response options

• Effect Violence Suicide
• Limitations

cite page 97 Ch 12: What Do Principals Think Are the Effects of Their BTAM Programs?

Finding suggests principals believe BTAM influences violence levels to some extent

this finding suggests that principals believe that BTAM is influencing levels of violence at their schools to some extent.

• Effect Violence Suicide
• Perceived Effects

cite page 97 Ch 12: What Do Principals Think Are the Effects of Their BTAM Programs?

Burr et al., 2024: many schools experience only one or two violent incidents per year

indeed, data show that many schools only experience one or two violent incidents per year, leaving very little room for improvement (Burr et al., 2024).

• Effect Violence Suicide

cite page 97 Ch 12: What Do Principals Think Are the Effects of Their BTAM Programs?

Modest decreases could be because schools are already relatively safe places

Again, this could be because schools are already relatively safe places;

• Effect Violence Suicide

cite page 97 Ch 12: What Do Principals Think Are the Effects of Their BTAM Programs?

Figure 12.4 Violence rates – Total: sig. decreased 10, decreased 49, total 60

Sample (N = 1377) · Teams answering program impact questions

Violence rates – Total | 10 | 49 | 60

• Effect Violence Suicide

cite page 97 Ch 12: What Do Principals Think Are the Effects of Their BTAM Programs?

Figure 12.4 Violence rates – Elementary (reference group): sig. decreased 11, decreased 45, total 56

Sample (n = undeterminable of 1377) · Teams answering program impact questions

Violence rates – Elementary (reference group) | 11 | 45 | 56

• Effect Violence Suicide

cite page 97 Ch 12: What Do Principals Think Are the Effects of Their BTAM Programs?

Figure 12.4 Violence rates – Middle: sig. decreased 12, decreased 54, total 66*

Sample (n = undeterminable of 1377) · Teams answering program impact questions

Violence rates – Middle | 12 | 54 | 66*

• Effect Violence Suicide

cite page 97 Ch 12: What Do Principals Think Are the Effects of Their BTAM Programs?

Figure 12.4 Violence rates – High: sig. decreased 9, decreased 56, total 65*

Sample (n = undeterminable of 1377) · Teams answering program impact questions

Violence rates – High | 9 | 56 | 65*

• Effect Violence Suicide

cite page 97 Ch 12: What Do Principals Think Are the Effects of Their BTAM Programs?

Figure 12.4 Rates of suicidality or self-harm – Total: sig. decreased 11, decreased 46, total 57

Sample (N = 1377) · Teams answering program impact questions

Rates of suicidality or self-harm – Total | 11 | 46 | 57

• Effect Violence Suicide

cite page 97 Ch 12: What Do Principals Think Are the Effects of Their BTAM Programs?

Fig 12.4 Suicidality or self-harm, Elementary (ref): sig. decreased 13, decreased 41, total 54

Sample (n = undeterminable of 1377) · Teams answering program impact questions

Rates of suicidality or self-harm – Elementary (reference group) | 13 | 41 | 54

• Effect Violence Suicide

cite page 97 Ch 12: What Do Principals Think Are the Effects of Their BTAM Programs?

Figure 12.4 Rates of suicidality or self-harm – Middle: sig. decreased 10, decreased 50, total 60

Sample (n = undeterminable of 1377) · Teams answering program impact questions

Rates of suicidality or self-harm – Middle | 10 | 50 | 60

• Effect Violence Suicide

cite page 97 Ch 12: What Do Principals Think Are the Effects of Their BTAM Programs?

Figure 12.4 Rates of suicidality or self-harm – High: sig. decreased 10, decreased 55, total 65*

Sample (n = undeterminable of 1377) · Teams answering program impact questions

Rates of suicidality or self-harm – High | 10 | 55 | 65*

• Effect Violence Suicide

cite page 97 Ch 12: What Do Principals Think Are the Effects of Their BTAM Programs?

Figure 12.4 survey question: impact of BTAM program on outcomes at school (n = 1,377)

This figure depicts response data from the following survey question: “What impact do you think your BTAM program has had on the following outcomes at your school?” (n = 1,377).

• Effect Violence Suicide
• Survey Methodology

cite page 97 Ch 12: What Do Principals Think Are the Effects of Their BTAM Programs?

Figure 12.4 includes only principals whose school has a school- or district-level BTAM team

Includes only those who said their school has a school- or district-level BTAM team.

• Effect Violence Suicide
• Survey Methodology

cite page 97 Ch 12: What Do Principals Think Are the Effects of Their BTAM Programs?

Figure 12.4 bars may not sum to totals because of rounding

Bars may not sum to totals because of rounding.

• Effect Violence Suicide
• Survey Methodology

cite page 97 Ch 12: What Do Principals Think Are the Effects of Their BTAM Programs?

Figure 12.4 asterisk marks significant difference of secondary vs. elementary principals

An asterisk (*) indicates that the percentage of principals in secondary schools who said decreased or significantly decreased was statistically significantly different from the percentage of principals in elementary schools who said similarly.

• Effect Violence Suicide
• Survey Methodology

cite page 97 Ch 12: What Do Principals Think Are the Effects of Their BTAM Programs?

Most principals perceived their BTAM program was having some impact on violence levels

Most principals perceived that their school’s BTAM program was having some impact on levels of violence at their school.

• Effect Violence Suicide
• Perceived Effects

cite page 97 Ch 12: What Do Principals Think Are the Effects of Their BTAM Programs?