Principals report reductions in crime, violence and self-harm and view BTAM as preferable to exclusi
Principals report reductions in crime, violence, and self-harm and view BTAM as preferable to exclusionary discipline.
NCIER®
Effect Violence Suicide
25 claims on pp. 7–136 (fact 17, statement 1, evidence 1, conjecture 2, definition 4).
Claims about Effect Violence Suicide
60 percent say BTAM decreased violence or significantly so; 57 percent suicidality or self-harm
Sample (N = 1377) · Teams answering program impact questions
As shown in Figure 12.4, 60 percent of principals said they felt that BTAM decreased or significantly decreased violence rates, and 57 percent believe that BTAM decreased or significantly decreased rates of suicidality or self-harm.
cite page 97 Ch 12: What Do Principals Think Are the Effects of Their BTAM Programs?
Principals who did not perceive decreased violence said BTAM had no impact
The principals who did not perceive that BTAM decreased rates of violence said they believe that the program was having no impact.
cite page 97 Ch 12: What Do Principals Think Are the Effects of Their BTAM Programs?
Only 2 percent of principals believe BTAM increased or significantly increased the level of violence
Sample (N = 1377) · Teams answering program impact questions
Only 2 percent of principals believe that BTAM increased or significantly increased the level of violence.
cite page 97 Ch 12: What Do Principals Think Are the Effects of Their BTAM Programs?
Principals tended to say BTAM 'decreased' rather than 'significantly decreased' violence or suicides
Notably, principals tended to respond that BTAM “decreased,” as opposed to “significantly decreased,” levels of violence or suicides at their schools.
cite page 97 Ch 12: What Do Principals Think Are the Effects of Their BTAM Programs?
Survey question did not define a specific threshold across response options
Setting aside that our survey question did not define a specific threshold across response options
cite page 97 Ch 12: What Do Principals Think Are the Effects of Their BTAM Programs?
Finding suggests principals believe BTAM influences violence levels to some extent
this finding suggests that principals believe that BTAM is influencing levels of violence at their schools to some extent.
cite page 97 Ch 12: What Do Principals Think Are the Effects of Their BTAM Programs?
Burr et al., 2024: many schools experience only one or two violent incidents per year
indeed, data show that many schools only experience one or two violent incidents per year, leaving very little room for improvement (Burr et al., 2024).
cite page 97 Ch 12: What Do Principals Think Are the Effects of Their BTAM Programs?
Modest decreases could be because schools are already relatively safe places
Again, this could be because schools are already relatively safe places;
cite page 97 Ch 12: What Do Principals Think Are the Effects of Their BTAM Programs?
Figure 12.4 Violence rates – Total: sig. decreased 10, decreased 49, total 60
Sample (N = 1377) · Teams answering program impact questions
Violence rates – Total | 10 | 49 | 60
cite page 97 Ch 12: What Do Principals Think Are the Effects of Their BTAM Programs?
Figure 12.4 Violence rates – Elementary (reference group): sig. decreased 11, decreased 45, total 56
Sample (n = undeterminable of 1377) · Teams answering program impact questions
Violence rates – Elementary (reference group) | 11 | 45 | 56
cite page 97 Ch 12: What Do Principals Think Are the Effects of Their BTAM Programs?
Figure 12.4 Violence rates – Middle: sig. decreased 12, decreased 54, total 66*
Sample (n = undeterminable of 1377) · Teams answering program impact questions
Violence rates – Middle | 12 | 54 | 66*
cite page 97 Ch 12: What Do Principals Think Are the Effects of Their BTAM Programs?
Figure 12.4 Violence rates – High: sig. decreased 9, decreased 56, total 65*
Sample (n = undeterminable of 1377) · Teams answering program impact questions
Violence rates – High | 9 | 56 | 65*
cite page 97 Ch 12: What Do Principals Think Are the Effects of Their BTAM Programs?
Figure 12.4 Rates of suicidality or self-harm – Total: sig. decreased 11, decreased 46, total 57
Sample (N = 1377) · Teams answering program impact questions
Rates of suicidality or self-harm – Total | 11 | 46 | 57
cite page 97 Ch 12: What Do Principals Think Are the Effects of Their BTAM Programs?
Fig 12.4 Suicidality or self-harm, Elementary (ref): sig. decreased 13, decreased 41, total 54
Sample (n = undeterminable of 1377) · Teams answering program impact questions
Rates of suicidality or self-harm – Elementary (reference group) | 13 | 41 | 54
cite page 97 Ch 12: What Do Principals Think Are the Effects of Their BTAM Programs?
Figure 12.4 Rates of suicidality or self-harm – Middle: sig. decreased 10, decreased 50, total 60
Sample (n = undeterminable of 1377) · Teams answering program impact questions
Rates of suicidality or self-harm – Middle | 10 | 50 | 60
cite page 97 Ch 12: What Do Principals Think Are the Effects of Their BTAM Programs?
Figure 12.4 Rates of suicidality or self-harm – High: sig. decreased 10, decreased 55, total 65*
Sample (n = undeterminable of 1377) · Teams answering program impact questions
Rates of suicidality or self-harm – High | 10 | 55 | 65*
cite page 97 Ch 12: What Do Principals Think Are the Effects of Their BTAM Programs?
Figure 12.4 survey question: impact of BTAM program on outcomes at school (n = 1,377)
This figure depicts response data from the following survey question: “What impact do you think your BTAM program has had on the following outcomes at your school?” (n = 1,377).
cite page 97 Ch 12: What Do Principals Think Are the Effects of Their BTAM Programs?
Figure 12.4 includes only principals whose school has a school- or district-level BTAM team
Includes only those who said their school has a school- or district-level BTAM team.
cite page 97 Ch 12: What Do Principals Think Are the Effects of Their BTAM Programs?
Figure 12.4 bars may not sum to totals because of rounding
Bars may not sum to totals because of rounding.
cite page 97 Ch 12: What Do Principals Think Are the Effects of Their BTAM Programs?
Figure 12.4 asterisk marks significant difference of secondary vs. elementary principals
An asterisk (*) indicates that the percentage of principals in secondary schools who said decreased or significantly decreased was statistically significantly different from the percentage of principals in elementary schools who said similarly.
cite page 97 Ch 12: What Do Principals Think Are the Effects of Their BTAM Programs?
Most principals perceived their BTAM program was having some impact on violence levels
Most principals perceived that their school’s BTAM program was having some impact on levels of violence at their school.
cite page 97 Ch 12: What Do Principals Think Are the Effects of Their BTAM Programs?
Principals think BTAM is decreasing rates of crime, violence and self-harm
Survey responses show that principals think BTAM is decreasing rates of crime and violence at school, as well as rates of self-harm.
Table A.49, Violence rates: 10.5 / 49.1 / 38.6 / 1.4 / 0.4
Sample (N = 1377) · Appendix A table base (respondents answering the table question; see note for tables)
Violence rates | 10.5 | 49.1 | 38.6 | 1.4 | 0.4
Table A.49, Rates of suicidality or self-harm: 11.5 / 45.8 / 40.4 / 2.0 / 0.3
Sample (N = 1377) · Appendix A table base (respondents answering the table question; see note for tables)
Rates of suicidality or self-harm | 11.5 | 45.8 | 40.4 | 2.0 | 0.3
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