30 claims on pp. 15–95 (fact 16, statement 3, evidence 7, conclusion 1, definition 3).
The attacker key findings box lists stressors, elicited concern, prior criminal charges, and domestic violence history as key findings.
KEY FINDINGS FOR ATTACKERS
Why inferred Key findings box is a summary judgement; its statistics are restated from the body text.
The Key Findings for Attackers box states that 65% of attackers had prior criminal charges.
Sample (n = 33 of 51) · attackers, all affiliation types
65% of attackers had prior criminal charges.
Nearly two-thirds of workplace attackers (n = 33, 65%) had a history of criminal charges.
Sample (n = 33 of 51) · attackers, all affiliation types
Nearly two-thirds of workplace attackers (n = 33, 65%) had a history of criminal charges.
Most of these attackers had charges for non-violent offenses (n = 29).
Sample (n = 29 of 33) · attackers with a history of criminal charges
Most of these attackers had charges for non-violent offenses (n = 29)
Some attackers had charges for violent offenses (n = 16).
Sample (n = 16 of 33) · attackers with a history of criminal charges
some had charges for violent offenses (n = 16)
Some attackers had charges for domestic violence (n = 9).
Sample (n = 9 of 33) · attackers with a history of criminal charges
domestic violence (n = 9)
Some attackers had charges for sex crimes (n = 4).
Sample (n = 4 of 33) · attackers with a history of criminal charges
or sex crimes (n = 4)
Over half of attackers (n = 27, 53%) had at least one instance of domestic violence in their past.
Sample (n = 27 of 51) · attackers, all affiliation types
over half of attackers (n = 27, 53%) had at least one instance of domestic violence in their past
Only around one-third of these attackers (n = 9) were arrested or charged for such an offense.
Sample (n = 9 of 27) · attackers with at least one instance of domestic violence in their past
only around one-third of these attackers (n = 9) were arrested or charged for such an offense
Not all criminal activity resulted in an arrest or a criminal charge.
not all criminal activity resulted in an arrest or a criminal charge.
A 38-year-old gunman with a two-decade criminal history, including felony convictions and domestic violence against his ex-girlfriend, was served a civil protection order at work on the day of his attack. He killed three and injured fourteen before being shot by law enforcement.
A 38-year-old gunman armed with a pistol and a rifle killed three and injured fourteen others
Although barred from owning firearms by prior felony convictions, the attacker threatened his ex-girlfriend until she supplied the guns used in the attack.
Although the attacker could not legally own firearms due to his prior felony convictions, he threatened his ex-girlfriend until she provided him with the firearms he ultimately used in his attack.
The gunman's criminal history spanned two decades, including multiple felony convictions for burglaries and gun charges, an arrest after a brawl, and many other charges that were dismissed.
The attacker had a long criminal history spanning two decades, including multiple felony convictions related to burglaries and gun charges, an arrest after the attacker got into a brawl with others, and many other charges that were ultimately dismissed.
Only three of these attackers faced criminal charges for their acts of domestic violence.
Sample (n = 3 of 7) · romantic-partner or relative attackers with a history of threats and domestic violence
only three of these attackers faced criminal charges for their acts of domestic violence
In Mass Attacks in Public Spaces: 2016-2020 (2023), NTAC found that 41% of individuals who engaged in mass attacks in public or semi-public spaces, including workplaces, had a prior history of domestic violence, including intimate partner violence.
Sample (n = undeterminable of undeterminable) · NTAC Mass Attacks in Public Spaces: 2016-2020 (2023), a different study
41% of individuals who engaged in mass attacks in public or semi-public spaces, including workplaces, had a prior history of domestic violence
cite page 52 Step 4: Identify and Process Reports of Concerning Behavior
While court records alone do not indicate a threat, when reviewed in context with other stressors or criminal behaviors they can help BTAM teams identify a history of aggression, violence, or signs of instability or distress.
when reviewed in context with other stressors or criminal behaviors present in the individual's background
Publicly available court records such as criminal charges, convictions, protective orders, civil lawsuits, eviction filings, and bankruptcy declarations, found on many judicial and governmental websites, can provide relevant context about an individual's legal history or other stressors.
Publicly available court records (e.g., criminal charges, convictions, protective orders, civil lawsuits, eviction filings, bankruptcy declarations), which can be found on many judicial and governmental websites, can provide relevant context about an individual’s legal history or other stressors.
Criminal history is a history of criminal behavior identified in formal records, including arrests, convictions, and other legal actions.
A history of criminal behavior identified in formal records, including arrests, convictions, and other legal actions
Outside formal records, criminal behavior may be identified during the assessment through interviews with family, friends, coworkers, and others familiar with the individual.
Outside of formal records, criminal behavior may be identified during the assessment through interviews with family, friends, coworkers, classmates, and others familiar with the individual
Why inferred Hedged with 'may be identified'; typed as a process statement about sources.
Lack of consequences is a pattern of criminal or inappropriate behavior for which consequences were absent or not commensurate with the behavior.
A pattern of engaging in criminal or inappropriate behavior for which the consequences were either absent or not commensurate with the behavior
Criminal history may also include other criminal behavior and contacts with law enforcement and the courts that have not resulted in official legal actions.
Criminal history may also include other criminal behavior and contacts with law enforcement and the courts that have not resulted in official legal actions.
To protect himself, the attacker purchased a firearm, which was illegal for him because of felony convictions on his record, and reportedly kept it with him at all times.
To protect himself, the attacker purchased a firearm illegally due to felony convictions on his criminal record and reportedly kept the weapon with him at all times.
He was arrested for assaulting a coworker by placing him in a chokehold, dragging him outside, and throwing him to the ground hard enough to cause unconsciousness.
On one occasion, he was arrested for assaulting a coworker after he put the coworker in a chokehold, dragged him outside, and threw him to the ground so hard that the coworker lost consciousness.
The Ban the Box campaign has advocated removing checkboxes that ask applicants to disclose felony convictions so they are evaluated on qualifications first.
have advocated for the removal of these checkboxes to promote fairness in hiring practices so that applicants with criminal histories can first be evaluated on their qualifications
cite page 87 Step 7: Promote a Safe and Supportive Organizational Climate
Organizations sometimes use checkboxes asking applicants to self-disclose prior felony criminal convictions and then use that data to filter out applicants with felony convictions.
Organizations sometimes use checkboxes to encourage applicants to self-disclose prior felony criminal convictions, then use the data to filter out applicants with felony convictions.
cite page 87 Step 7: Promote a Safe and Supportive Organizational Climate
Data Table 2 reports a history of arrests/charges for 65% of all attackers (n = 51), 64% of current or former employees (n = 22), 70% of customers, clients, patients, and visitors (n = 20), and 56% of romantic partners and relatives (n = 9).
Sample (N = 51 | 22 | 20 | 9 by column) · Data Table 2 columns: all attackers 51 | employees 22 | customers, clients, patients, visitors 20 | partners and relatives 9
**Arrests/Charges** | 65% | 64% | 70% | 56%
Data Table 2 reports arrests/charges for domestic violence for 18% of all attackers (n = 51), 9% of current or former employees (n = 22), 20% of customers, clients, patients, and visitors (n = 20), and 33% of romantic partners and relatives (n = 9).
Sample (N = 51 | 22 | 20 | 9 by column) · Data Table 2 columns: all attackers 51 | employees 22 | customers, clients, patients, visitors 20 | partners and relatives 9
Domestic Violence | 18% | 9% | 20% | 33%
Data Table 2 reports arrests/charges for sex crimes for 8% of all attackers (n = 51), 9% of current or former employees (n = 22), 10% of customers, clients, patients, and visitors (n = 20), and 0% of romantic partners and relatives (n = 9).
Sample (N = 51 | 22 | 20 | 9 by column) · Data Table 2 columns: all attackers 51 | employees 22 | customers, clients, patients, visitors 20 | partners and relatives 9
Sex Crimes | 8% | 9% | 10% | 0%
Data Table 2 reports arrests/charges for other violent crimes for 31% of all attackers (n = 51), 27% of current or former employees (n = 22), 35% of customers, clients, patients, and visitors (n = 20), and 33% of romantic partners and relatives (n = 9).
Sample (N = 51 | 22 | 20 | 9 by column) · Data Table 2 columns: all attackers 51 | employees 22 | customers, clients, patients, visitors 20 | partners and relatives 9
Other Violent Crimes | 31% | 27% | 35% | 33%
Data Table 2 reports arrests/charges for non-violent crimes for 57% of all attackers (n = 51), 55% of current or former employees (n = 22), 65% of customers, clients, patients, and visitors (n = 20), and 44% of romantic partners and relatives (n = 9).
Sample (N = 51 | 22 | 20 | 9 by column) · Data Table 2 columns: all attackers 51 | employees 22 | customers, clients, patients, visitors 20 | partners and relatives 9
Non-Violent Crimes | 57% | 55% | 65% | 44%
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