104 claims on pp. 7–95 (fact 17, statement 39, evidence 30, conclusion 1, conjecture 4, definition 13).
An individual of concern is anyone who has exhibited concerning behaviors that may indicate a potential risk of harm to themselves or others in the workplace setting.
Any individual who has exhibited concerning behaviors that may indicate a potential risk of harm to themselves or others in the workplace setting.
Concerning behavior is action or communication that is objectively or contextually troubling or inappropriate and indicates a potential risk of violence.
Actions or communications by an individual that are objectively or contextually troubling or inappropriate and indicate a potential risk of violence.
For many employees, violence prevention includes recognizing and reporting concerning behaviors they observe so action can be taken before violence occurs.
For many employees, this includes recognizing and reporting concerning behaviors they observe so action can be taken to intervene before violence can occur.
On arriving at the mental health treatment center, the attacker began to yell and insisted on seeing the employee he had seen on his last visit.
Upon arrival, he began to yell, and insisted that he see the employee he saw on his last visit.
The Key Findings for Attackers box states that 78% of attackers had a history of behaviors that elicited concern from others.
Sample (n = 40 of 51) · attackers, all affiliation types
78% of attackers had a history of behaviors that elicited concern from others.
Other behaviors that elicited concern included disturbing or threatening statements, strange or unusual behavior, and stalking and harassing others.
Other behaviors that elicited concern included attackers making disturbing or threatening statements, exhibiting strange or unusual behaviors, and stalking and harassing others.
In the months before the attack, the grocery store attacker created and shared videos glorifying school shootings and wrote in numerous journal entries about his admiration of past attackers and his attack plans.
In the months prior to his attack, the attacker created and shared videos glorifying school shootings, and described his admiration of past attackers and his plans for his attack in numerous journal entries.
One attacker accused his wife of spying for the government and made her write to him, then burned the pages. Another threatened coworkers at a cemetery, prompting his termination, and then complained about them for seven years.
For example, one attacker accused his wife of collaborating with the government to spy on him
Table 5 gives work performance (good standing 6, 27%; substantive issues 8, 36%; unknown 8, 36%) and behavioral conduct (good standing 8, 36%; substantive issues 10, 45%, of which toxicity 7, 32%; unknown 4, 18%) of employee attackers.
Sample (N = 22) · current or former employee attackers (22 attacks, each by a lone attacker)
Table 5: Performance and Conduct
Over two-fifths of employee attackers (n = 10, 45%) had known substantive issues pertaining to their behavioral conduct at the workplace they attacked.
Sample (n = 10 of 22) · current or former employee attackers (22 attacks, each by a lone attacker)
Over two-fifths (n = 10, 45%) of employee attackers had known substantive issues pertaining to their behavioral conduct at the workplace they attacked.
Behavioral conduct refers to actions taken by employees in the workplace, including how they interact with colleagues and whether they adhere to an organization's standards for behavior.
Behavioral conduct refers to actions taken by employees in the workplace, including how they interact with colleagues and others at work, and whether they adhere to an organization's policies or standards for behavior.
Toxic conduct shows persistent patterns of callous, reckless, paranoid, confrontational, aggressive, and/or threatening behaviors toward others.
persistent patterns of callous, reckless, paranoid, confrontational, aggressive, and/or threatening behaviors toward others
For most of these attackers (n = 7), their misconduct could be characterized as toxic.
For most of these attackers (n = 7), their misconduct could be characterized as toxic
Toxic misconduct included making racist, derogatory, or even threatening statements towards colleagues.
This included making racist, derogatory, or even threatening statements towards their colleagues.
Two of these attackers exhibited toxic behavior in other organizations as well.
Two of these attackers exhibited toxic behavior in other organizations as well.
Three attackers exhibited behaviors that were not considered toxic but still represented issues with conduct, including chronic absences or tardiness.
Three attackers exhibited behaviors that were not considered toxic but still represented issues with conduct, including chronic absences or tardiness.
Information on conduct could not be found for four employee attackers.
Information on conduct could not be found for four employee attackers.
A 45-year-old gunman with a reputation for confrontation and fights at work, who had been fired two months earlier for stealing company equipment, opened fire at his former workplace and killed five former coworkers before dying by suicide. He had struggled financially and had asked to be rehired.
A 45-year-old gunman opened fire with a pistol at his former workplace, killing five of his former coworkers before dying by suicide.
Table 5 reports that 8 employee attackers (36%) were in good standing on behavioral conduct.
Sample (n = 8 of 22) · current or former employee attackers (22 attacks, each by a lone attacker)
Good standing | 8 | 36%
Table 5 reports toxicity, a sub-category of substantive conduct issues, for 7 employee attackers (32%).
Sample (n = 7 of 22) · current or former employee attackers (22 attacks, each by a lone attacker)
Toxicity | 7 | 32%
The key findings box reports that 65% engaged in concerning behaviors at the targeted location before their attack.
Sample (n = 13 of 20) · customer, client, patient, and visitor attackers
65% engaged in concerning behaviors at the targeted location prior to their attack
Nearly two-thirds (n = 13, 65%) of these attackers engaged in concerning or threatening behaviors at the targeted location before their attack.
Sample (n = 13 of 20) · customer, client, patient, and visitor attackers
Nearly two-thirds (n = 13, 65%) of the attackers who were known or knowable as customers, clients, patients, and visitors engaged in concerning or threatening behaviors at the targeted location prior to their attack
Prior behaviors ranged from being ejected for erratic or rude conduct to threatening to harm or kill employees or other customers.
ranging from attackers who were ejected from the establishment due to erratic or rude behavior, to attackers who threatened to harm or kill employees or other customers
An attacker who opened fire in a newsroom office had harassed the newspaper's staff for years before the attack.
an attacker who opened fire in a newsroom office had been harassing the staff of the newspaper for years leading up to his attack
In the context of preventing workplace violence, an individual of concern is any individual who has exhibited concerning behaviors that may indicate a potential risk of harm to themselves or others in the workplace setting.
an individual of concern is any individual who has exhibited concerning behaviors that may indicate a potential risk of harm to themselves or others in the workplace setting.
cite page 30 Part 2: A Guide for Workplace Violence Prevention
Acting at the first sign of concerning behavior, rather than waiting for a direct or explicit threat, improves the chances of preventing violence.
Acting at the first sign of concerning behavior, instead of waiting for a direct or explicit threat, improves the chances of preventing violence.
cite page 31 Part 2: A Guide for Workplace Violence Prevention
Step 4 of the Framework for Prevention is to identify and process reports of concerning behavior.
STEP 4 | Identify and Process Reports of Concerning Behavior
cite page 32 Part 2: A Guide for Workplace Violence Prevention
A dedicated BTAM policy can help create a more comprehensive prevention program capable of addressing a continuum of behaviors and concerns.
Having a dedicated policy for the BTAM program can help to create a more comprehensive prevention program capable of addressing a continuum of behaviors and concerns.
cite page 40 Step 2: Establish BTAM Program Policy and Procedures
The policy should articulate key BTAM principles, including that the program addresses any behavior indicating potential risk, not only explicit or direct threats.
state that the program encompasses work to proactively address any behavior that indicates a potential risk to safety and is not limited to explicit or direct threats.
cite page 41 Step 2: Establish BTAM Program Policy and Procedures
The policy should set parameters for when the BTAM team convenes and responds to a report, and should allow a low threshold of concern.
Establish parameters for when the BTAM team will convene and respond to a report. The policy should allow for a low threshold of concern
cite page 42 Step 2: Establish BTAM Program Policy and Procedures
A person may pose a risk of violence without ever making an explicit threat.
a person may pose a risk of violence without making an explicit threat
cite page 50 Step 4: Identify and Process Reports of Concerning Behavior
Concerning behaviors occur along a continuum from contextually concerning to objectively concerning.
concerning behaviors occur along a continuum from contextually concerning to objectively concerning
cite page 50 Step 4: Identify and Process Reports of Concerning Behavior
Concerning behavior is an action or communication by an individual that is objectively or contextually troubling or inappropriate and indicates a potential risk of violence.
Actions or communications by an individual that are objectively or contextually troubling or inappropriate and indicate a potential risk of violence.
cite page 50 Step 4: Identify and Process Reports of Concerning Behavior
Concerning behaviors include both non-criminal and criminal activities.
and include non-criminal and criminal activities
cite page 50 Step 4: Identify and Process Reports of Concerning Behavior
Escalating interpersonal disputes are among the behaviors that may be concerning.
Concerning behaviors may include escalating interpersonal disputes, grievances, concerning social media content, stalking and harassment, obsessions with violence, idolizing past attackers, fixating on people or locations, suicidal ideations, self-harm, unusual levels of aggression, threats, weapons violations, and physical assaults.
cite page 50 Step 4: Identify and Process Reports of Concerning Behavior
Grievances are among the behaviors that may be concerning.
Concerning behaviors may include escalating interpersonal disputes, grievances, concerning social media content, stalking and harassment, obsessions with violence, idolizing past attackers, fixating on people or locations, suicidal ideations, self-harm, unusual levels of aggression, threats, weapons violations, and physical assaults.
cite page 50 Step 4: Identify and Process Reports of Concerning Behavior
Concerning social media content is among the behaviors that may be concerning.
Concerning behaviors may include escalating interpersonal disputes, grievances, concerning social media content, stalking and harassment, obsessions with violence, idolizing past attackers, fixating on people or locations, suicidal ideations, self-harm, unusual levels of aggression, threats, weapons violations, and physical assaults.
cite page 50 Step 4: Identify and Process Reports of Concerning Behavior
Stalking and harassment are among the behaviors that may be concerning.
Concerning behaviors may include escalating interpersonal disputes, grievances, concerning social media content, stalking and harassment, obsessions with violence, idolizing past attackers, fixating on people or locations, suicidal ideations, self-harm, unusual levels of aggression, threats, weapons violations, and physical assaults.
cite page 50 Step 4: Identify and Process Reports of Concerning Behavior
Obsessions with violence are among the behaviors that may be concerning.
Concerning behaviors may include escalating interpersonal disputes, grievances, concerning social media content, stalking and harassment, obsessions with violence, idolizing past attackers, fixating on people or locations, suicidal ideations, self-harm, unusual levels of aggression, threats, weapons violations, and physical assaults.
cite page 50 Step 4: Identify and Process Reports of Concerning Behavior
Idolizing past attackers is among the behaviors that may be concerning.
Concerning behaviors may include escalating interpersonal disputes, grievances, concerning social media content, stalking and harassment, obsessions with violence, idolizing past attackers, fixating on people or locations, suicidal ideations, self-harm, unusual levels of aggression, threats, weapons violations, and physical assaults.
cite page 50 Step 4: Identify and Process Reports of Concerning Behavior
Fixating on people or locations is among the behaviors that may be concerning.
Concerning behaviors may include escalating interpersonal disputes, grievances, concerning social media content, stalking and harassment, obsessions with violence, idolizing past attackers, fixating on people or locations, suicidal ideations, self-harm, unusual levels of aggression, threats, weapons violations, and physical assaults.
cite page 50 Step 4: Identify and Process Reports of Concerning Behavior
Suicidal ideations are among the behaviors that may be concerning.
Concerning behaviors may include escalating interpersonal disputes, grievances, concerning social media content, stalking and harassment, obsessions with violence, idolizing past attackers, fixating on people or locations, suicidal ideations, self-harm, unusual levels of aggression, threats, weapons violations, and physical assaults.
cite page 50 Step 4: Identify and Process Reports of Concerning Behavior
Self-harm is among the behaviors that may be concerning.
Concerning behaviors may include escalating interpersonal disputes, grievances, concerning social media content, stalking and harassment, obsessions with violence, idolizing past attackers, fixating on people or locations, suicidal ideations, self-harm, unusual levels of aggression, threats, weapons violations, and physical assaults.
cite page 50 Step 4: Identify and Process Reports of Concerning Behavior
Unusual levels of aggression are among the behaviors that may be concerning.
Concerning behaviors may include escalating interpersonal disputes, grievances, concerning social media content, stalking and harassment, obsessions with violence, idolizing past attackers, fixating on people or locations, suicidal ideations, self-harm, unusual levels of aggression, threats, weapons violations, and physical assaults.
cite page 50 Step 4: Identify and Process Reports of Concerning Behavior
Threats are among the behaviors that may be concerning.
Concerning behaviors may include escalating interpersonal disputes, grievances, concerning social media content, stalking and harassment, obsessions with violence, idolizing past attackers, fixating on people or locations, suicidal ideations, self-harm, unusual levels of aggression, threats, weapons violations, and physical assaults.
cite page 50 Step 4: Identify and Process Reports of Concerning Behavior
Weapons violations are among the behaviors that may be concerning.
Concerning behaviors may include escalating interpersonal disputes, grievances, concerning social media content, stalking and harassment, obsessions with violence, idolizing past attackers, fixating on people or locations, suicidal ideations, self-harm, unusual levels of aggression, threats, weapons violations, and physical assaults.
cite page 50 Step 4: Identify and Process Reports of Concerning Behavior
Physical assaults are among the behaviors that may be concerning.
Concerning behaviors may include escalating interpersonal disputes, grievances, concerning social media content, stalking and harassment, obsessions with violence, idolizing past attackers, fixating on people or locations, suicidal ideations, self-harm, unusual levels of aggression, threats, weapons violations, and physical assaults.
cite page 50 Step 4: Identify and Process Reports of Concerning Behavior
Objectively concerning behaviors such as unauthorized weapons, threats, and assaults should warrant immediate action, often including local law enforcement.
Some behaviors are objectively concerning (e.g., unauthorized weapons, threats, assaults) and should warrant immediate action, oftentimes including local law enforcement intervention.
cite page 50 Step 4: Identify and Process Reports of Concerning Behavior
Contextually concerning behaviors, such as rapidly deteriorating performance or angry outbursts, should be assessed in the full context of the person and environment.
Other behaviors are contextually concerning, in that they may not prompt immediate safety concerns but should be assessed in the full context of the individual's situation and their environment
cite page 50 Step 4: Identify and Process Reports of Concerning Behavior
Figure 8 gives examples of concerning behaviors on a continuum from contextually concerning to objectively concerning.
from contextually concerning to objectively concerning (see Figure 8)
cite page 50 Step 4: Identify and Process Reports of Concerning Behavior
Figure 8 lists, under Contextually Concerning, changes in behavior, including decreased productivity, increased absenteeism, decreased attention to personal hygiene and appearance, or withdrawal from social circles.
Changes in behavior, including decreased productivity, increased absenteeism, decreased attention to personal hygiene and appearance, or withdrawal from social circles
cite page 51 Step 4: Identify and Process Reports of Concerning Behavior
Figure 8 lists, under Contextually Concerning, challenges with mental health, such as depressed mood, paranoia, or anxiety.
Challenges with mental health, such as depressed mood, paranoia, or anxiety
cite page 51 Step 4: Identify and Process Reports of Concerning Behavior
Figure 8 lists, under Contextually Concerning, intense or abnormal emotional outbursts.
Intense or abnormal emotional outbursts
cite page 51 Step 4: Identify and Process Reports of Concerning Behavior
Figure 8 lists, under Contextually Concerning, a pattern of strained or conflicted relationships with colleagues.
Pattern of strained or conflicted relationships with colleagues
cite page 51 Step 4: Identify and Process Reports of Concerning Behavior
Figure 8 lists, under Contextually Concerning, questionable activity on work-issued devices, such as attempting to access prohibited sites or searching for inappropriate content.
Questionable activity on work-issued devices, such as attempting to access prohibited sites or searching for inappropriate content
cite page 51 Step 4: Identify and Process Reports of Concerning Behavior
Figure 8 lists, under Objectively Concerning, bullying or harassing others.
Bullying or harassing others
cite page 51 Step 4: Identify and Process Reports of Concerning Behavior
Figure 8 lists, under Objectively Concerning, preoccupation with violent themes, such as terroristic acts or mass shootings.
Preoccupation with violent themes, such as terroristic acts or mass shootings
cite page 51 Step 4: Identify and Process Reports of Concerning Behavior
Figure 8 lists, under Objectively Concerning, intimidating, belligerent, or other aggressive behavior.
Intimidating, belligerent, or other aggressive behavior
cite page 51 Step 4: Identify and Process Reports of Concerning Behavior
Figure 8 lists, under Objectively Concerning, direct or veiled threats.
Direct or veiled threats
cite page 51 Step 4: Identify and Process Reports of Concerning Behavior
Figure 8 lists, under Objectively Concerning, physical violence toward people, animals, or property.
Physical violence toward people, animals, or property
cite page 51 Step 4: Identify and Process Reports of Concerning Behavior
Figure 8 lists, under Objectively Concerning, sexual assault or harassment.
Sexual assault or harassment
cite page 51 Step 4: Identify and Process Reports of Concerning Behavior
Figure 8 lists, under Objectively Concerning, bringing or brandishing a weapon in the workplace.
Bringing or brandishing a weapon in the workplace
cite page 51 Step 4: Identify and Process Reports of Concerning Behavior
Employees should be given specific examples of the types of behavior that may prompt these concerns.
Employees should also be provided with specific examples of the types of behavior that may prompt these concerns.
cite page 51 Step 4: Identify and Process Reports of Concerning Behavior
Figure 8 lists, under Contextually Concerning, fixations on perceived grievances.
Fixations on perceived grievances
cite page 51 Step 4: Identify and Process Reports of Concerning Behavior
It is essential for organizations to keep a low threshold of concern and not limit focus solely to explicit threats of violence.
It is essential for organizations to maintain a low threshold of concern for initiating a behavioral threat assessment and not limit their focus solely to explicit threats of violence.
cite page 54 Step 4: Identify and Process Reports of Concerning Behavior
A low threshold of concern allows BTAM teams to identify individuals eliciting safety concerns before their behavior escalates to imminent risk of harm.
Utilizing a low threshold of concern allows BTAM teams to identify individuals eliciting safety concerns before their behavior escalates to the point where there is an imminent risk of harm.
cite page 54 Step 4: Identify and Process Reports of Concerning Behavior
The scenario's behaviors may illustrate individual or environmental factors that, if unaddressed, could raise the possibility of harm to self or others.
may illustrate individual or environmental factors that, if unaddressed, could contribute to an increased possibility of harm to self or others
Why inferred Hedged with 'may illustrate' and 'could contribute', so typed as conjecture.
cite page 54 Step 4: Identify and Process Reports of Concerning Behavior
It is best practice to use a low threshold of concern during the BTAM process, not to label someone a potential threat, but to allow early intervention.
It is best practice to use a low threshold of concern during the BTAM process, not to label an individual as a potential threat, but to allow for early intervention.
cite page 54 Step 4: Identify and Process Reports of Concerning Behavior
In the low-threshold scenario, the employee's supervisor asked the employee in a recent meeting what was happening.
In a recent meeting, the employee's supervisor asked the employee what was happening.
cite page 54 Step 4: Identify and Process Reports of Concerning Behavior
The employee said he did not know what the supervisor meant by the question and denied seeing any problems with his recent performance.
The employee remarked that he did not know what the supervisor meant by the question and denied seeing any problems with his recent performance.
cite page 54 Step 4: Identify and Process Reports of Concerning Behavior
In the weeks after the meeting, the employee began calling in sick with increasing frequency, and when he does come to work his appearance has become increasingly unkempt.
In the weeks since that meeting with his supervisor, the employee has begun to call in sick to work with increasing frequency, and when he does show up for work, his appearance has become increasingly unkempt.
cite page 54 Step 4: Identify and Process Reports of Concerning Behavior
In the scenario, the supervisor is worried about the wellness and safety of the employee.
The supervisor is worried about the wellness and safety of the employee.
cite page 54 Step 4: Identify and Process Reports of Concerning Behavior
Cybersecurity and IT professionals may set up mechanisms that alert the BTAM team to anomalous digital behaviors.
Cybersecurity and IT professionals may set up mechanisms to alert the BTAM team to anomalous digital behaviors
cite page 56 Step 4: Identify and Process Reports of Concerning Behavior
Alerts may flag employees who visit blocked or forbidden websites on multiple occasions or log onto devices at unusual times.
employees who visit blocked or forbidden websites on multiple occasions or log onto their devices at unusual times
cite page 56 Step 4: Identify and Process Reports of Concerning Behavior
In Mass Attacks in Public Spaces: 2016-2020 (2023), NTAC found that the workplace was the most common formal setting in which concerning behavior was observed.
NTAC found that the workplace was the most common formal setting in which concerning behavior was observed
In many cases, attackers had demonstrated concerning behavior at work, at home, and online before their attack, but no program existed to examine these behaviors collectively.
In many cases, attackers had demonstrated concerning behavior at work, at home, and online before their attack
In the fictional software-company example, the Systems Approach surfaced a supervisor's report of a sharp decline in performance and demeanor, coworkers' reports that he said he might snap if things did not improve, and HR's report of a coworker's complaints about his rude and combative nature.
During their assessment, the BTAM team uses the Systems Approach to identify several concerns about the employee
In the fictional retail example, a frequent customer with a history of disruptive and concerning behaviors recently posted on social media alluding to something bad happening to the store.
A major retail outlet has a frequent customer with a history of disruptive and concerning behaviors who recently made posts on social media alluding to something bad happening to the store.
The themes allow teams to distinguish situational behaviors, such as temporary frustrations or poor communication, from more persistent, escalating patterns of concern.
these themes allow BTAM teams to distinguish between situational behaviors, such as temporary frustrations or poor communication, and more persistent, escalating patterns of concern
The presence of behavioral themes alone cannot predict whether an individual will become violent, but it will inform the final assessment and management strategies.
the presence of these behavioral themes alone cannot predict if an individual will become violent
Concerning or threatening communications are violent, threatening, or disturbing communications conveyed verbally, in writing, electronically, online, or by other means.
Any violent, threatening, or disturbing communications which may be conveyed verbally
Interest in violent topics is an unusual or excessive interest in weapons, violence, gore, prior attacks, notorious killers, or other concerning topics.
An unusual or excessive interest in weapons, violence, gore, prior attacks, notorious killers, or other concerning topics
Particular concern should arise if the individual idolizes or wants to emulate past attackers.
Particular concern should arise if the individual demonstrates an idolization of or desire to emulate past attackers
History of violence is prior physical violence against people, animals, or property, including assaults, domestic violence, animal cruelty, and arson.
Prior acts of physical violence against people, animals, or property
A history of violence may reveal an escalation in aggression, such as moving from property crimes to crimes against persons.
A history of violence may reveal signs of an escalation in aggressive behavior, for example, moving from property crimes to crimes against persons
Why inferred Hedged with 'may reveal'; typed as conjecture.
Stalking, harassing, or bullying is a pattern of conduct that willfully and maliciously causes another to feel bullied, stalked, persecuted, threatened, or injured.
A pattern of conduct that willfully and maliciously causes another to feel bullied, stalked, persecuted, threatened, injured, or attacked
Extreme beliefs are ideological, political, or conspiratorial beliefs that advocate hate or violence, form the basis of a worldview, or significantly influence daily life.
Extreme ideological, political, or conspiratorial beliefs that advocate hate or violence
Fascination with weapons and violence can be demonstrated through stockpiling or manufacturing weapons, being described as obsessed with weapons, consuming or producing violent or graphic media, and writing stories or lyrics indicating a desire to harm others.
Fascination with weapons and violence can be demonstrated in a variety of ways, including stockpiling or manufacturing weapons
Extreme beliefs may be based on distortion of facts (e.g., conspiracy theories) or may advocate distrust, hatred, or the use of violence targeting others based on biases against a particular race, religion, national origin, sexual orientation, gender, or gender identity.
Extreme beliefs may be based on distortion of facts (e.g., conspiracy theories) or may advocate distrust, hatred, or the use of violence targeting others based on biases against a particular race, religion, national origin, sexual orientation, gender, or gender identity.
Central to assessing whether an individual poses a risk of targeted violence is understanding the nature of concerning behaviors commonly observed in previous attackers.
Central to assessing whether an individual poses a risk of targeted violence is understanding the nature of concerning behaviors commonly observed in previous attackers.
After his assault, the attacker was known to be paranoid, believing others were searching for him or out to get him.
In the aftermath of his assault, he was known to be paranoid, believing others were searching for him or out to get him.
The attacker had a history of threatening and concerning behavior at previous jobs and was terminated from those positions because of aggressive behavior.
Additionally, the attacker had a history of threatening and concerning behaviors in his previous jobs and was terminated from these positions due to his aggressive behavior.
He was arrested for assaulting a coworker by placing him in a chokehold, dragging him outside, and throwing him to the ground hard enough to cause unconsciousness.
On one occasion, he was arrested for assaulting a coworker after he put the coworker in a chokehold, dragged him outside, and threw him to the ground so hard that the coworker lost consciousness.
The team should consider whether the individual is complying with interventions, engaging with programming, and showing changes in mood, mental state, or behavior.
The BTAM team should also consider whether the individual is complying with interventions, engaging with programming, and exhibiting any changes in mood, mental state, or behavior.
Organizations should issue written or verbal warnings that state their concerns, behavioral expectations, and the actions that will follow if the behavior continues.
Issue written or verbal warnings to individuals to articulate the organization's concerns, expectations for the individual's behavior, and what actions the organization will take if the individual continues to engage in a concerning manner.
Behavioral agreements with patients who have shown aggression can outline appropriate conduct and the consequences of violating the agreement.
Using behavioral agreements with patients who have exhibited aggression to outline appropriate behavioral conduct and consequences for violating the agreement.
When used appropriately, these strategies can be helpful in identifying patterns of hostile, concerning, inappropriate, criminal, or violent behaviors.
When used appropriately, these strategies can be helpful in identifying patterns of hostile, concerning, inappropriate, criminal, or violent behaviors.
Why inferred Hedged with 'can be helpful'; classified as conjecture.
cite page 87 Step 7: Promote a Safe and Supportive Organizational Climate
If unaddressed, these problems can escalate, causing further disruption or even violence.
If unaddressed, these problems can escalate, causing further disruption or even violence.
Why inferred Hedged with 'can escalate'; classified as conjecture.
cite page 87 Step 7: Promote a Safe and Supportive Organizational Climate
Training content might include information on the types of behaviors to report.
information on the types of behaviors to report
The BTAM team said it taught these groups not to wait for someone to physically assault someone else before acting.
We taught them how we don't want to wait for someone to punch someone else.
The publication offers both research and guidance intended to help organizations and their partners recognize concerning behaviors and intervene before violence can occur.
This publication offers both research and guidance intended to help organizations and their partners recognize concerning behaviors and intervene before violence can occur.
Data Table 2 reports concerning communications by 75% of all attackers (n = 51), 77% of current or former employees (n = 22), 65% of customers, clients, patients, and visitors (n = 20), and 89% of romantic partners and relatives (n = 9).
Sample (N = 51 | 22 | 20 | 9 by column) · Data Table 2 columns: all attackers 51 | employees 22 | customers, clients, patients, visitors 20 | partners and relatives 9
**Concerning Communications** | 75% | 77% | 65% | 89%
Data Table 2 reports an inappropriate interest in violence or weapons for 10% of all attackers (n = 51), 9% of current or former employees (n = 22), 10% of customers, clients, patients, and visitors (n = 20), and 11% of romantic partners and relatives (n = 9).
Sample (N = 51 | 22 | 20 | 9 by column) · Data Table 2 columns: all attackers 51 | employees 22 | customers, clients, patients, visitors 20 | partners and relatives 9
**Inappropriate Interest in Violence or Weapons** | 10% | 9% | 10% | 11%
Data Table 2 reports a behavior change for 41% of all attackers (n = 51), 55% of current or former employees (n = 22), 25% of customers, clients, patients, and visitors (n = 20), and 44% of romantic partners and relatives (n = 9).
Sample (N = 51 | 22 | 20 | 9 by column) · Data Table 2 columns: all attackers 51 | employees 22 | customers, clients, patients, visitors 20 | partners and relatives 9
**Behavior Change** | 41% | 55% | 25% | 44%
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