36 claims on pp. 9–95 (fact 12, statement 4, evidence 15, conclusion 2, conjecture 1, definition 2).
NTAC research has continuously found that individuals who pose a risk of violence do not always make direct threats beforehand, but they often communicate their intentions to others.
Those who pose a risk of violence do not always make direct threats prior to an attack, but they often communicate their intentions to those around them.
Other behaviors that elicited concern included disturbing or threatening statements, strange or unusual behavior, and stalking and harassing others.
Other behaviors that elicited concern included attackers making disturbing or threatening statements, exhibiting strange or unusual behaviors, and stalking and harassing others.
77% of employee attackers shared concerning communications.
Sample (n = 17 of 22) · current or former employee attackers (22 attacks, each by a lone attacker)
77% of attackers shared concerning communications.
Over three-quarters of employee attackers (n = 17, 77%) made concerning communications.
Sample (n = 17 of 22) · current or former employee attackers (22 attacks, each by a lone attacker)
Over three-quarters of employee attackers (n = 17, 77%) made concerning communications.
Concerning communications included threatening statements (n = 9).
Sample (n = 9 of 17) · employee attackers who made concerning communications
This included threatening statements (n = 9)
Other statements were not objectively threatening but elicited concern from those who heard them (n = 10).
Sample (n = 10 of 17) · employee attackers who made concerning communications
statements that were not objectively threatening but elicited concern from those who heard them (n = 10)
One attacker accused his wife of spying for the government and made her write to him, then burned the pages. Another threatened coworkers at a cemetery, prompting his termination, and then complained about them for seven years.
For example, one attacker accused his wife of collaborating with the government to spy on him
A 64-year-old man who had been fired from a cemetery seven years earlier vowed revenge and threatened employees. He shot one person dead and injured two more at the cemetery before surrendering.
A 64-year-old man rode his bike to a cemetery where he used a handgun to shoot and kill one person
Another employee attacker threatened coworkers at the cemetery where he worked, prompting his termination.
Another attacker threatened coworkers at the cemetery where he worked, prompting his termination.
After being terminated from the cemetery seven years earlier, the attacker had vowed revenge and threatened to kill cemetery employees.
The attacker had vowed revenge and threatened to kill cemetery employees after he had been terminated from the cemetery seven years earlier.
While employed, the cemetery attacker made threatening statements that concerned coworkers, leading to calls to law enforcement and eventually his termination.
As an employee, the attacker had made threatening statements that concerned coworkers, prompting calls to law enforcement and his eventual termination.
The second resigning attacker was a former employee who had resigned in lieu of termination two years earlier after sexually harassing and threatening colleagues.
The second attacker was a former employee who resigned in lieu of termination two years earlier after he had sexually harassed and threatened colleagues.
Toxic misconduct included making racist, derogatory, or even threatening statements towards colleagues.
This included making racist, derogatory, or even threatening statements towards their colleagues.
Two years before the attack, he resigned from the hospital in lieu of being fired over allegations that he sexually harassed and threatened colleagues.
Two years prior, he had resigned from the hospital in lieu of being fired due to allegations of sexually harassing and threatening his colleagues.
The attacker blamed hospital staff, including a residency student, for ruining his medical career and threatened to return to the hospital and kill colleagues.
The attacker blamed hospital staff, including a student in the residency program, for ruining his medical career, and threatened to return to the hospital and kill colleagues.
Prior behaviors ranged from being ejected for erratic or rude conduct to threatening to harm or kill employees or other customers.
ranging from attackers who were ejected from the establishment due to erratic or rude behavior, to attackers who threatened to harm or kill employees or other customers
All three victims were treatment center employees who may have had a direct connection to his prior PTSD treatment, including one who had expelled him from the program two weeks earlier because he had knives and threatened to kill staff.
All three victims were employees at the treatment center and may have had a direct connection to the attacker's prior PTSD treatment, including one victim who had expelled him from the program two weeks earlier because the attacker had knives and threatened to kill staff.
The newsroom attacker had filed a defamation lawsuit against the paper six years earlier and had stalked and threatened its employees, who contacted law enforcement and developed personal safety plans.
The attacker had filed a defamation lawsuit against the paper six years earlier and had stalked and threatened employees of the paper, prompting them to contact law enforcement and develop personal safety plans.
Over three-quarters (n = 7, 78%) of these attackers had threatened romantic partners or family members and engaged in at least one act of domestic violence before the attack.
Sample (n = 7 of 9) · attacks by current or former romantic partners or relatives (9 attacks, each by a lone attacker)
over three-quarters of these attackers (n = 7, 78%) had a history of making threatening statements toward romantic partners or family members
All employees must understand that threatening statements should be reported.
All employees must understand that threatening statements should be reported
cite page 50 Step 4: Identify and Process Reports of Concerning Behavior
A person may pose a risk of violence without ever making an explicit threat.
a person may pose a risk of violence without making an explicit threat
cite page 50 Step 4: Identify and Process Reports of Concerning Behavior
Threats are among the behaviors that may be concerning.
Concerning behaviors may include escalating interpersonal disputes, grievances, concerning social media content, stalking and harassment, obsessions with violence, idolizing past attackers, fixating on people or locations, suicidal ideations, self-harm, unusual levels of aggression, threats, weapons violations, and physical assaults.
cite page 50 Step 4: Identify and Process Reports of Concerning Behavior
Figure 8 lists, under Objectively Concerning, direct or veiled threats.
Direct or veiled threats
cite page 51 Step 4: Identify and Process Reports of Concerning Behavior
Figure 8 lists, under Objectively Concerning, expressions of homicidal or suicidal thoughts.
Expressions of homicidal or suicidal thoughts
cite page 51 Step 4: Identify and Process Reports of Concerning Behavior
Keyword monitoring can flag words related to hate speech, weapons, violence, and concerning, inappropriate, or extremist language.
flagging keywords related to hate speech, weapons, violence
cite page 56 Step 4: Identify and Process Reports of Concerning Behavior
Executives and high-ranking officials have experienced a gradual increase in threats of violence over the past decade, with sharper increases in recent years.
Executives and high-ranking officials have experienced a gradual increase in threats of violence over the past decade, with sharper increases in recent years.
cite page 58 Step 4: Identify and Process Reports of Concerning Behavior
Concerning or threatening communications are violent, threatening, or disturbing communications conveyed verbally, in writing, electronically, online, or by other means.
Any violent, threatening, or disturbing communications which may be conveyed verbally
The content of concerning communications may reveal information on threats, grievances, violent intention, feelings of hopelessness/suicidality, obsessions, paranoid thinking, or a fascination with violence or weapons.
The content of the concerning communications may reveal information on threats, grievances, violent intention, feelings of hopelessness/suicidality, obsessions, paranoid thinking, or a fascination with violence or weapons.
He accused non-English speakers of gossiping, used derogatory language toward them, threatened to kill them, and assaulted coworkers he felt disrespected him.
accusing non-English speakers of gossiping about him, using derogatory language toward them
A multinational technology company queries prior contacts after customer-service threats, warns or restricts the customer, notifies the closest facility, and contacts law enforcement if the situation escalates.
When a threat is received, the BTAM team runs queries to identify previous contacts with the customer
A multinational technology company frequently receives threats through its customer service sector.
A multinational technology company frequently receives threats via their customer service sector.
After a threat is received and prior contacts are queried, the multinational technology company's BTAM team assesses whether this behavior is a trend and whether it is indicative of violent intent.
assesses whether this behavior is a trend and whether it is indicative of violent intent
Data Table 2 reports concerning communications by 75% of all attackers (n = 51), 77% of current or former employees (n = 22), 65% of customers, clients, patients, and visitors (n = 20), and 89% of romantic partners and relatives (n = 9).
Sample (N = 51 | 22 | 20 | 9 by column) · Data Table 2 columns: all attackers 51 | employees 22 | customers, clients, patients, visitors 20 | partners and relatives 9
**Concerning Communications** | 75% | 77% | 65% | 89%
Data Table 2 reports a history of making threats for 47% of all attackers (n = 51), 41% of current or former employees (n = 22), 40% of customers, clients, patients, and visitors (n = 20), and 78% of romantic partners and relatives (n = 9).
Sample (N = 51 | 22 | 20 | 9 by column) · Data Table 2 columns: all attackers 51 | employees 22 | customers, clients, patients, visitors 20 | partners and relatives 9
History of Making Threats | 47% | 41% | 40% | 78%
Data Table 2 reports a threat specific to the target by 31% of all attackers (n = 51), 32% of current or former employees (n = 22), 25% of customers, clients, patients, and visitors (n = 20), and 56% of romantic partners and relatives (n = 9).
Sample (N = 51 | 22 | 20 | 9 by column) · Data Table 2 columns: all attackers 51 | employees 22 | customers, clients, patients, visitors 20 | partners and relatives 9
Threat Specific to the Target | 31% | 32% | 25% | 56%
Data Table 2 reports communications indicating imminence of attack by 8% of all attackers (n = 51), 5% of current or former employees (n = 22), 5% of customers, clients, patients, and visitors (n = 20), and 11% of romantic partners and relatives (n = 9).
Sample (N = 51 | 22 | 20 | 9 by column) · Data Table 2 columns: all attackers 51 | employees 22 | customers, clients, patients, visitors 20 | partners and relatives 9
Indicating Imminence of Attack | 8% | 5% | 5% | 11%
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