49 claims on pp. 3–98 (fact 8, statement 27, evidence 6, conclusion 3, definition 5).
Workplace violence is a significant and persistent challenge, harming tens of thousands of people and impacting numerous organizations and communities each year.
Workplace violence is a significant and persistent challenge, harming tens of thousands of people and impacting numerous organizations and communities across the nation each year.
Some of the most severe acts of workplace violence are premeditated attacks on places people routinely work and visit, including offices, restaurants, hospitals, hotels, schools, and factories.
Some of the most severe acts of workplace violence are premeditated attacks targeting the places where we routinely work and visit
Targeted workplace violence is a premeditated act of violence at a workplace, directed at a specific individual, group, or location, regardless of motivation and generally unrelated to other criminal activity.
A premeditated act of violence perpetrated at a workplace, directed at a specific individual, group, or location, regardless of motivation and generally unrelated to other criminal activity.
Targeted violence takes multiple forms, including attacks targeting government officials, schools, houses of worship, and workplaces.
Targeted violence encompasses multiple forms of violence that have impacted communities across the nation, including attacks targeting government officials, schools, houses of worship, and workplaces.
In NTAC's 2023 Mass Attacks in Public Spaces: 2016-2020 study (173 attacks), businesses were the most frequent type of location impacted by mass violence, including restaurants, bars, banks, office spaces, warehouses, and hospitals.
One key finding from the study was that businesses were the most frequent type of location impacted by acts of mass violence
NTAC developed a dedicated project to understand and prevent targeted acts of violence within workplace settings.
NTAC developed a project specifically aimed at understanding and preventing targeted acts of violence within workplace settings
The publication supports organizational safety stakeholders in management, security, human resources, information technology, cybersecurity, and insider threat roles.
to support organizational safety stakeholders in a variety of professional roles, including those responsible for management, security, human resources, information technology, cybersecurity, and insider threat
Preventing targeted workplace violence is everyone's responsibility.
Preventing targeted workplace violence is everyone's responsibility.
Targeted workplace violence is a premeditated act of violence perpetrated at a workplace, directed at a specific individual, group, or location, regardless of motivation and generally unrelated to other criminal activity.
Targeted workplace violence can be defined as a premeditated act of violence perpetrated at a workplace, directed at a specific individual, group, or location, regardless of motivation and generally unrelated to other criminal activity.
The publication offers key research findings and operational guidance for preventing acts of targeted workplace violence.
This publication offers key research findings and operational guidance for preventing acts of targeted workplace violence.
A definition box defines targeted workplace violence as a premeditated act of violence perpetrated at a workplace, directed at a specific individual, group, or location, regardless of motivation and generally unrelated to other criminal activity.
A premeditated act of violence perpetrated at a workplace, directed at a specific individual, group, or location, regardless of motivation and generally unrelated to other criminal activity.
The incidents were perpetrated in public or semi-public workplaces, including restaurants, bars, retail outlets, service centers, manufacturing and distribution facilities, healthcare settings, educational institutions, and military installations.
were perpetrated in public or semi-public workplaces, including restaurants, bars, retail outlets, service centers, manufacturing and distribution facilities, healthcare settings, educational institutions, and military installations
Targeted workplace violence has been perpetrated by individuals known or knowable to a workplace, including current and former employees, customers, clients, patients, visitors, and romantic partners or relatives.
targeted workplace violence has been perpetrated by a variety of individuals who are known or knowable to a workplace
The findings show there is no specific demographic profile of the individuals who have carried out attacks targeting the workplace.
there is no specific demographic profile of the type of individuals who have carried out an attack targeting the workplace
The Secret Service model has since been adapted to prevent many forms of targeted violence, including acts of targeted workplace violence.
The Secret Service model has since been adapted to prevent many forms of targeted violence impacting communities, including acts of targeted workplace violence.
cite page 30 Part 2: A Guide for Workplace Violence Prevention
The strategies are intended to help organizations prevent all forms of targeted workplace violence, including violence toward employees, executives, customers, visitors, and others.
The strategies identified in this publication are intended to assist organizations in preventing all forms of targeted workplace violence, including violence toward an organization's employees, executives, customers, visitors, and others.
cite page 32 Part 2: A Guide for Workplace Violence Prevention
Workplace violence encompasses targeted workplace violence as well as other forms of physical violence, harassment, intimidation, or other threatening behavior.
Workplace violence, which encompasses targeted workplace violence as well as other forms of physical violence, harassment, intimidation, or other threatening behavior
According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, 928 workers lost their lives in intentional homicides between 2023 and 2024.
928 workers tragically lost their lives in intentional homicides between 2023 and 2024.
Surviving victims and employers face financial costs including medical bills, lost productivity, worker's compensation and disability claims, and subsequent litigation.
financial costs associated with medical bills, loss of productivity, worker’s compensation and disability claims, and subsequent litigation
Targeted workplace violence can be prevented when organizations commit to a proactive approach to violence prevention.
Targeted workplace violence can be prevented when organizations commit to a proactive approach to violence prevention.
Workplace violence can be devastating to a workforce and the broader community.
can be devastating to a workforce and the broader community
In the first In Practice example, a security professional at Organization 1 received little support for workplace violence prevention efforts.
ORGANIZATION 1: A security professional received little support for workplace violence prevention efforts.
A university police executive observes that in bigger organizations, someone knows someone who knows someone who has been impacted by a tragedy.
In bigger organizations, someone knows someone who knows someone who has been impacted by a tragedy.
A BTAM policy should be formalized alongside or within any broader workplace violence policies an organization already has.
A policy establishing the organizational BTAM program should be formalized alongside or within any broader workplace violence policies that an organization already has in place.
cite page 40 Step 2: Establish BTAM Program Policy and Procedures
IPV often starts in the privacy of a residence but can spill out into public spaces.
While IPV often starts in the privacy of a residence, it can spill out into public spaces.
cite page 52 Step 4: Identify and Process Reports of Concerning Behavior
A therapist who supports IPV victims calls IPV one of the leading causes of workplace violence.
IPV is one of the leading causes for workplace violence.
cite page 53 Step 4: Identify and Process Reports of Concerning Behavior
The therapist says IPV cases tend to be more severe when IPV spills over into the workplace.
IPV cases tend to be more severe when IPV bleeds over into the workplace.
cite page 53 Step 4: Identify and Process Reports of Concerning Behavior
A therapist who supports IPV victims says IPV is always a huge risk factor.
It's always a huge risk factor
cite page 53 Step 4: Identify and Process Reports of Concerning Behavior
Reports describing emergencies, such as a terminated employee brandishing a weapon on site, are not appropriate for a BTAM and should prompt an immediate call to security, emergency dispatchers, or local law enforcement.
Reports that describe emergency situations, such as a terminated employee brandishing a weapon on site, are not appropriate for a BTAM
cite page 57 Step 4: Identify and Process Reports of Concerning Behavior
In Mass Attacks in Public Spaces: 2016-2020 (2023), NTAC found that the workplace was the most common formal setting in which concerning behavior was observed.
NTAC found that the workplace was the most common formal setting in which concerning behavior was observed
Insider threat programs typically focus on areas such as unauthorized access to sensitive data, sabotage, fraud, and misuse of systems, whereas BTAM programs focus on violence against individuals in the workplace.
BTAM programs focus on violence against individuals in the workplace
Healthcare settings are disproportionately impacted by workplace violence compared to other settings.
Healthcare settings are disproportionately impacted by workplace violence compared to other settings.
Data published in 2023 by OSHA suggested healthcare workers were five times more likely to experience workplace violence than workers in other industries.
healthcare workers were five times more likely to experience workplace violence than workers in other industries
Rates of workplace violence in healthcare settings have increased in recent years.
Rates of workplace violence in healthcare settings have also increased in recent years.
In 2022 there were 24,590 nonfatal injury cases among healthcare and social assistance workers due to workplace violence, a 22.6% increase from 2019, according to Bureau of Labor Statistics data.
Sample (no n: a percentage change, not a share of a sample) · not a proportion of a sample
In 2022, there were 24,590 cases of nonfatal injuries among healthcare and social assistance workers due to workplace violence, a 22.6% increase in the number of cases from 2019 data
Content specific to the BTAM process should be incorporated into workplace violence training.
Content specific to the BTAM process should be incorporated into workplace violence training to educate the general workforce about the process.
Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency. (2020). Insider Threat Mitigation Guide. Department of Homeland Security. www.cisa.gov.
3 Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency. (2020). Insider Threat Mitigation Guide.
Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2026). “National census of fatal occupational injuries, 2023–2024.” Department of Labor. www.bls.gov.
National census of fatal occupational injuries, 2023–2024.
Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2026). “Nonfatal cases involving days away from work, 2023–2024.” Department of Labor. www.bls.gov.
Nonfatal cases involving days away from work, 2023–2024.
Office of the Assistant Secretary for Administration & Management. (n.d.). "DOL workplace violence program." Department of Labor. www.dol.gov.
DOL workplace violence program.
California Department of Industrial Relations. (2024, June). "Workplace violence prevention in general industry (non-health care settings) – Information for employers." Division of Occupational Safety & Health, State of California. www.dir.ca.gov.
Workplace violence prevention in general industry (non-health care settings) – Information for employers.
Federal Bureau of Investigation. (n.d.). Workplace Violence: Issues in Response. Department of Justice. www.fbi.gov.
Workplace Violence: Issues in Response.
ASIS International. (2020). Workplace Violence and Active Assailant – Prevention, Intervention, and Response. www.asisonline.org.
Workplace Violence and Active Assailant – Prevention, Intervention, and Response.
Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency. (2020). Insider Threat Mitigation Guide. Department of Homeland Security. www.cisa.gov.
13 Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency. (2020). Insider Threat Mitigation Guide.
Security Executive Council. (2025). Executive Targeting Report: Analysis of Attacks on Corporate Executives from 2003–2025. www.securityexecutivecouncil.com.
Executive Targeting Report: Analysis of Attacks on Corporate Executives from 2003–2025.
Allied Universal. (2026). World Security Report 2026. www.worldsecurityreport.com.
World Security Report 2026.
Occupational Safety and Health Administration. (2023). "Healthcare: Workplace violence." Department of Labor. www.osha.gov.
Healthcare: Workplace violence.
Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2023). "Nonfatal cases involving days away from work, 2022." Department of Labor. www.bls.gov.
Nonfatal cases involving days away from work, 2022.
Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency. (2023). "Preventing workplace violence: Security best practices." Department of Homeland Security. www.cisa.gov.
Preventing workplace violence: Security best practices.
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