57 claims on pp. 3–92 (fact 5, statement 38, evidence 3, conjecture 2, definition 9).
The publication combines NTAC's research on workplace mass attacks with operational guidance for implementing behavioral threat assessment and management programs.
with our latest operational guidance to assist organizations in implementing behavioral threat assessment and management programs
The Chief states that NTAC's support for community violence prevention continues with the release of Preventing Targeted Workplace Violence: A U.S. Secret Service Guide to Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management.
This support continues with the release of Preventing Targeted Workplace Violence: A U.S. Secret Service Guide to Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management
Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management (BTAM) is a behavior-based approach to proactively prevent incidents of targeted violence by identifying concerning individuals, assessing risk, and applying interventions.
A behavior-based approach to proactively prevent incidents of targeted violence.
The U.S. Secret Service behavioral threat assessment model was developed to identify individuals displaying threatening or concerning behavior, gather information to assess whether an individual poses a risk of violence, and then manage the risk with appropriate interventions.
The U.S. Secret Service behavioral threat assessment model was developed to identify individuals displaying threatening or concerning behavior, gather information to assess if an individual poses a risk of violence, and then manage the risk by implementing appropriate interventions.
Part 2 describes BTAM principles and offers a scalable 8-step framework for organizations of differing sizes and resources.
offer a scalable 8-step framework to assist organizations of differing sizes and resources to take proactive action and reduce the risk of targeted workplace violence
The publication is designed to promote organizational safety by offering information and guidance that can be used to establish a program to proactively prevent incidents of targeted workplace violence.
This publication is designed to promote organizational safety by offering information and guidance that can be used to establish a program to proactively prevent incidents of targeted workplace violence.
Part 2, A Guide for Workplace Violence Prevention, is a guide to implementing an organizational behavioral threat assessment and management (BTAM) program based on the proactive violence prevention approach used by the U.S. Secret Service.
A guide to implement an organizational behavioral threat assessment and management (BTAM) program based upon the proactive approach to violence prevention used by the U.S. Secret Service.
The report describes how organizations can successfully implement a behavioral threat assessment and management program to identify individuals of concern, gather information to assess risk, and manage concerns.
we describe how organizations can successfully implement a behavioral threat assessment and management program to identify individuals of concern
The Secret Service recognizes that preventing targeted violence is possible if communities are equipped with the appropriate tools, training, and resources to recognize warning signs and intervene, namely through behavioral threat assessment and management (BTAM).
preventing targeted violence is possible if communities are equipped with the appropriate tools, training, and resources to recognize warning signs and intervene, namely through behavioral threat assessment and management
cite page 30 Part 2: A Guide for Workplace Violence Prevention
Behavioral threat assessment and management (BTAM) is a behavior-based approach to proactively prevent incidents of targeted violence.
Behavioral threat assessment and management (BTAM) is a behavior-based approach to proactively prevent incidents of targeted violence.
cite page 30 Part 2: A Guide for Workplace Violence Prevention
The Secret Service originally pioneered the BTAM approach to prevent assassinations and safeguard the nation's leaders.
The Secret Service originally pioneered this approach to prevent assassinations and safeguard the nation's leaders.
cite page 30 Part 2: A Guide for Workplace Violence Prevention
The Secret Service model has since been adapted to prevent many forms of targeted violence, including acts of targeted workplace violence.
The Secret Service model has since been adapted to prevent many forms of targeted violence impacting communities, including acts of targeted workplace violence.
cite page 30 Part 2: A Guide for Workplace Violence Prevention
The Secret Service model is designed to identify individuals displaying threatening or concerning behavior, gather information to assess whether an individual poses a risk of violence, and then manage the risk by implementing appropriate interventions.
the Secret Service model is designed to identify individuals displaying threatening or concerning behavior, gather information to assess if an individual poses a risk of violence, and then manage the risk by implementing appropriate interventions.
cite page 30 Part 2: A Guide for Workplace Violence Prevention
Figure 4 depicts the U.S. Secret Service Threat Assessment Model as three sequential steps: Identify, Assess, and Manage.
IDENTIFY → ASSESS → MANAGE
Why inferred figure description: the three step labels are printed in the Figure 4 graphic; the arrow sequence is read from the figure, not from running text
cite page 30 Part 2: A Guide for Workplace Violence Prevention
The publication offers a scalable eight-step framework for implementing a BTAM program in organizations of varying sizes and resources.
we offer a scalable eight-step framework for implementing a BTAM program in organizations of varying sizes and resources.
cite page 32 Part 2: A Guide for Workplace Violence Prevention
The framework presents practical steps workplace personnel can implement to identify, assess, and manage individuals of concern, thereby reducing the risk of targeted workplace violence.
presents practical steps that workplace personnel can implement to successfully and proactively identify, assess, and manage individuals of concern, thereby reducing the risk of targeted workplace violence.
cite page 32 Part 2: A Guide for Workplace Violence Prevention
The eight foundational steps provide a practical roadmap for establishing a BTAM program that organizations can adapt to their size, structure, and resources.
provide a practical roadmap for establishing a BTAM program that organizations can adapt to their size, structure, and resources
cite page 32 Part 2: A Guide for Workplace Violence Prevention
Step 1 of the Framework for Prevention is to commit to employee safety and support.
STEP 1 | Commit to Employee Safety and Support
cite page 32 Part 2: A Guide for Workplace Violence Prevention
Step 2 of the Framework for Prevention is to establish BTAM program policy and procedures.
STEP 2 | Establish BTAM Program Policy and Procedures
cite page 32 Part 2: A Guide for Workplace Violence Prevention
A BTAM program is a worthy investment for many organizations, offering critical direct benefits such as reduced risk of harm or loss of life.
A BTAM program is a worthy investment for many organizations, offering critical direct benefits, such as the reduced risk of harm or loss of life
Indirect benefits can include improvements to employee morale and a more positive organizational climate and reputation (endnote 3: Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency, Insider Threat Mitigation Guide, 2020).
indirect benefits, which can include improvements to employee morale and a more positive organizational climate and reputation
Support from senior leadership can be of paramount importance to the development of an effective BTAM program.
Support from senior leadership can be of paramount importance to the development of an effective BTAM program.
Leaders who actively support violence prevention are instrumental in ensuring that resources, funding, and staffing are allocated appropriately and that BTAM work is prioritized.
Leaders who actively support violence prevention efforts are instrumental in ensuring that resources, funding, and staffing are allocated appropriately and that the work of the BTAM program is prioritized.
The executive conceded that the company's investment in workplace violence prevention was not enough.
The executive conceded that the amount was not enough.
Despite little initial support, the security professional developed pitches for specific executives that summarized the importance of a robust violence prevention program.
developed pitches for specific executives that quickly summarized the importance of a robust violence prevention program
One early step organizations may take is to evaluate the internal resources that may be leveraged during the BTAM process.
One early step that organizations may take is to evaluate the internal resources that may be leveraged during the BTAM process.
Completing a resource inventory (see Figure 5) can help organizations identify which needs resources are designed to address, how often they are available and/or used, how well they address intended needs, any barriers or gaps in services, and what actions can be taken to enhance services.
Completing a resource inventory (see Figure 5) can help organizations identify which needs the resources are designed to address
Strong collaboration between employees across varying components within an organization can greatly benefit the BTAM process by safeguarding work environments.
Strong collaboration between employees across varying components within an organization can greatly benefit the BTAM process by safeguarding work environments.
BTAM processes should incorporate strategies to foster collaboration, starting with building relationships before services are needed.
Build relationships before services are needed.
Conversations about violence prevention can be uncomfortable and challenging, even for experienced practitioners in the field.
Conversations about violence prevention can be uncomfortable and challenging, even for experienced practitioners in the field.
Why inferred Hedged 'can be' observation about difficulty, not a directive.
The policy should state the goal of BTAM to establish a clear vision and understanding of the program's intention.
State the goal of BTAM in order to establish a clear vision and understanding of the program's intention.
cite page 41 Step 2: Establish BTAM Program Policy and Procedures
The policy should establish which department will house the BTAM program and how it integrates, with team structure based on organizational needs.
Establish which organizational department, component, or division (e.g., security, HR) will house the BTAM program and how the BTAM program will be integrated into the organization.
cite page 41 Step 2: Establish BTAM Program Policy and Procedures
The first element a BTAM policy should establish and articulate is the goals of the BTAM program.
Goals of the BTAM program.
cite page 41 Step 2: Establish BTAM Program Policy and Procedures
A BTAM policy should establish and articulate the program's placement and integration within the organization.
Program placement and integration.
cite page 41 Step 2: Establish BTAM Program Policy and Procedures
In a central team structure, one BTAM team assesses and manages all incoming reports in an organization; for example, an organization with a modest volume of reports has one team stationed at headquarters.
CENTRAL TEAM | One BTAM team assesses and manages all incoming reports in an organization. | An organization with a modest volume of incoming reports has one BTAM team stationed in the organization's headquarters.
cite page 41 Step 2: Establish BTAM Program Policy and Procedures
In a local teams structure, multiple decentralized teams each assess and manage incoming reports from local facilities; for example, local BTAM teams across several geographic regions respond to reports at numerous facilities in their area.
LOCAL TEAMS | Multiple decentralized teams each assess and manage incoming reports from local facilities. | An organization has local BTAM teams across several geographic regions to respond to reports at numerous facilities in their area of responsibility.
cite page 41 Step 2: Establish BTAM Program Policy and Procedures
In a regional teams with support structure, multiple regional teams assess and manage reports while a centralized team consults and supports on difficult cases; for example, a large organization with a high report volume uses regional teams with coordination and assistance from a headquarters BTAM team.
REGIONAL TEAMS WITH SUPPORT | Multiple regional teams assess and manage incoming reports while a centralized team consults and supports with difficult cases. | A large organization with a high volume of reports uses regional teams, each serving several facilities in their region, with coordination and assistance available from a centralized BTAM team at the organization's headquarters.
cite page 41 Step 2: Establish BTAM Program Policy and Procedures
The sample policy establishes a named BTAM program dedicated to the proactive prevention of targeted violence in the workplace.
In support of that commitment, this policy establishes [name of the BTAM program], which is dedicated to the proactive prevention of targeted violence in the workplace.
cite page 42 Step 2: Establish BTAM Program Policy and Procedures
Training should include an overview of the BTAM process, team roles and responsibilities, how the team operates, and information sharing.
Overview of the BTAM process. This should include information about the BTAM process, including roles and responsibilities
Identifying and processing reports of concern is the first step during a behavioral threat assessment.
Identifying and processing reports of concern is the first step during a behavioral threat assessment.
cite page 50 Step 4: Identify and Process Reports of Concerning Behavior
Organizations must consider available resources, workforce needs, and the unique context of their environment when choosing a reporting solution.
organizations must consider the resources available, the needs across their workforce, and the unique context of their environment
cite page 55 Step 4: Identify and Process Reports of Concerning Behavior
Insider threat programs typically focus on areas such as unauthorized access to sensitive data, sabotage, fraud, and misuse of systems, whereas BTAM programs focus on violence against individuals in the workplace.
BTAM programs focus on violence against individuals in the workplace
Both insider threat and BTAM programs are specifically designed to detect early behavioral red flags, aggregate data from multiple sources, and facilitate cross-functional collaboration.
However, both insider threat and BTAM programs are specifically designed to detect early behavioral red flags, aggregate data from multiple sources, and facilitate cross-functional collaboration.
BTAM protocols should allow the team to deviate from the ascribed level of risk when unique circumstances are identified during the assessment.
The BTAM team's protocols should allow for the team to deviate from the ascribed level of risk
Employees should recognize that the BTAM process is not intended to be punitive in nature.
all should recognize that the BTAM process is not intended to be punitive in nature.
cite page 88 Step 7: Promote a Safe and Supportive Organizational Climate
Training is essential for ensuring BTAM program success and workplace safety.
Training is essential for ensuring BTAM program success and workplace safety.
BTAM programs will not reach their full potential or will be underutilized if employees are not aware of the program, do not know what information to report or how to submit a report, and do not have trust in the process.
BTAM programs will not reach their full potential or will be underutilized if employees are not aware of the program, do not know what information to report or how to submit a report, and do not have trust in the process.
Training sessions must be accessible to employees to support program success.
Training sessions must be accessible to employees to support program success.
Employee trust, buy-in, and reporting of concerns are critical elements for promoting BTAM program success.
Employee trust, buy-in, and reporting of concerns are critical elements for promoting BTAM program success.
BTAM training for employees should be included within the larger workplace training curriculum.
BTAM training for employees should be included within the larger workplace training curriculum.
Training content might include the definition of behavioral threat assessment and management.
the definition of behavioral threat assessment and management
Training content might include the guiding principles and goals of BTAM programming.
the guiding principles and goals of BTAM programming
Training content might include a general overview of the threat assessment and management process.
a general overview of the threat assessment and management process
Organizations should establish general messaging efforts and initiatives specific to the BTAM process.
Organizations should establish general messaging efforts and initiatives specific to the BTAM process.
By following the steps in this operational guidance, organizations and their community safety partners can adopt the principles of the Secret Service model and move toward a structured approach to preventing targeted workplace violence.
By following the steps in this operational guidance, organizations and their community safety partners can adopt the pioneering principles
The steps within this guide are intended to be scalable to organizations of varying sizes and resources.
the steps within this guide are intended to be scalable to organizations of varying sizes and resources
NTAC recognizes that many of the steps in this guidance depend upon organizations and communities having important resources available to assist throughout the BTAM process.
many of the steps in this guidance depend upon organizations and communities having important resources available
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