30 claims on pp. 9–97 (fact 4, statement 18, evidence 4, conclusion 1, conjecture 3).
NTAC research has continuously found that bystander reporting and intervention can avert planned acts of targeted violence.
Bystander reporting and intervention can avert planned acts of targeted violence.
All employees, from supervisors and managers to front-line staff and security or HR professionals, have a role to play in violence prevention.
All employees, including supervisors, managers, front-line employees, and professionals in security, human resources (HR), and other positions and departments, have a role to play in violence prevention.
For many employees, violence prevention includes recognizing and reporting concerning behaviors they observe so action can be taken before violence occurs.
For many employees, this includes recognizing and reporting concerning behaviors they observe so action can be taken to intervene before violence can occur.
Bystanders intervened and stopped the attacker in 2 attacks (n = 2).
bystanders intervened and stopped the attacker (n = 2)
Table 3 reports that bystanders intervened to end 2 of the attacks (4%).
Sample (n = 2 of 50) · incidents (attacks) in the study
Bystanders intervened, then... | 2 | 4%
Of the 2 bystander-ended attacks in Table 3, 1 (2%) ended with the attacker arrested at or away from the scene and 1 (2%) is listed as Other.
Sample (n = 1 of 50) · incidents (attacks) in the study
— Other | 1 | 2%
It is critical that all employees and other members of the workplace are trained to recognize and report concerning behaviors so appropriate action can be taken.
It is critical that all employees and other members of the workplace are trained to recognize and report concerning behaviors
The global technology company's security team relies on its personnel globally to report concerning information.
We rely on our personnel globally to report concerning information.
One of the most important actions an employee can take to prevent violence is to report concerning behaviors they witness.
One of the most important actions an employee can take to prevent violence is to report any concerning behaviors they witness.
cite page 50 Step 4: Identify and Process Reports of Concerning Behavior
A good guiding principle is that employees should be encouraged to report any observed behavior that makes them uncomfortable or concerned for their own or others' safety.
A good guiding principle is that employees should be encouraged to report any observed behavior that prompts them to feel uncomfortable or concerned for their own safety or the safety of others.
cite page 51 Step 4: Identify and Process Reports of Concerning Behavior
Individuals who recognize concerning behaviors must have multiple avenues available to report them.
Individuals who recognize concerning behaviors must have multiple avenues available to report it.
cite page 55 Step 4: Identify and Process Reports of Concerning Behavior
Reporting concerning behavior should be seen as a collective responsibility.
Reporting concerning behavior should be seen as a collective responsibility
cite page 55 Step 4: Identify and Process Reports of Concerning Behavior
It is important that employees feel confident reporting without fear of retaliation or punishment.
It is also important that employees feel confident in reporting without fear of retaliation or punishment.
cite page 55 Step 4: Identify and Process Reports of Concerning Behavior
Organizations should offer simple and accessible means for individuals to share concerns, using more than one reporting avenue.
Organizations should offer simple and accessible means for individuals to share concerns.
cite page 55 Step 4: Identify and Process Reports of Concerning Behavior
Offering multiple avenues for reporting can increase the likelihood that employees will share their concerns, which enhances the organization's opportunity to take appropriate action.
Offering multiple avenues for reporting can increase the likelihood that employees will share their concerns, thereby enhancing the opportunity for organizations to take appropriate action.
cite page 55 Step 4: Identify and Process Reports of Concerning Behavior
Some employees may be hesitant to report behaviors and communications of concern in the workplace because they fear retaliation.
Some employees may be hesitant to report behaviors and communications of concern in the workplace due to fear of retaliation.
cite page 55 Step 4: Identify and Process Reports of Concerning Behavior
Transparency in communications, including describing actions taken or planned, can build trust and credibility in the BTAM process.
can be an important strategy to build trust and credibility in the BTAM process
cite page 56 Step 4: Identify and Process Reports of Concerning Behavior
Coworkers reported the attacker's behavior to management and asked for help, but management reportedly refused to intervene because he was a good worker.
management reportedly refused to intervene because the attacker was a good worker, and no action was taken
Others in the workplace noticed the attacker's behaviors, and coworkers reported their concerns to management and requested help.
These behaviors were noticed by others in the workplace, and coworkers reported their concerns about the attacker's behaviors to management and requested help.
These policies can discourage some people from reporting concerns.
and these policies can discourage some from reporting concerns
Why inferred Hedged with 'can discourage'; classified as conjecture.
Positive organizational climates can reduce the risk of grievances and enhance bystander reporting when concerns are identified.
Positive organizational climates can reduce the risk of grievances and enhance bystander reporting when concerns are identified.
cite page 86 Step 7: Promote a Safe and Supportive Organizational Climate
Organizations should foster a culture of safety in which employees are empowered to report concerns without fear of reprisal.
Employees should be empowered to report the concerns they have in the workplace without fear of reprisal.
cite page 88 Step 7: Promote a Safe and Supportive Organizational Climate
All employees should understand the value of identifying, assessing, and managing concerns early.
All employees should understand the value of identifying, assessing, and managing concerns early
cite page 88 Step 7: Promote a Safe and Supportive Organizational Climate
Employees should recognize that the BTAM process is not intended to be punitive in nature.
all should recognize that the BTAM process is not intended to be punitive in nature.
cite page 88 Step 7: Promote a Safe and Supportive Organizational Climate
Educating all employees on the BTAM program can promote trust, buy-in, and the reporting of concerns by staff.
Educating all employees on the BTAM program can promote trust, buy-in, and the reporting of concerns by staff.
Why inferred Hedged with 'can promote'; a possible effect rather than a measured finding.
The report notes that prior guidance for other settings, such as K–12 schools, treats training and outreach as a best practice for bystander reporting.
Prior guidance for other settings, such as K–12 schools, emphasizes training and outreach as a best practice for enhancing bystander reporting.
Employee trust, buy-in, and reporting of concerns are critical elements for promoting BTAM program success.
Employee trust, buy-in, and reporting of concerns are critical elements for promoting BTAM program success.
Training content might include an overview of employee protections, including policies against retaliation for reporting.
an overview of employee protections, including policies against retaliation for reporting
Data Table 1 reports that bystanders intervened in 4% of all attacks (n = 50), 0% of attacks by current or former employees (n = 22), 11% by customers, clients, patients, and visitors (n = 19), and 0% by romantic partners and relatives (n = 9).
Sample (N = 50 | 22 | 19 | 9 by column) · Data Table 1 columns: all attacks 50 | employees 22 | customers, clients, patients, visitors 19 | partners and relatives 9
Bystanders intervened, then... | 4% | 0% | 11% | 0%
Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency & U.S. Secret Service. (2023). Improving School Safety Through Bystander Reporting: A Toolkit for Strengthening K–12 Reporting Programs. Department of Homeland Security. www.secretservice.gov/ntac.
Improving School Safety Through Bystander Reporting: A Toolkit for Strengthening K–12 Reporting Programs.
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